|
[1]
|
Roos, D.S., Klein, M., Deeg, D.J.H., Doty, R.L. and Berendse, H.W. (2022) Prevalence of Prodromal Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease in the Late Middle-Aged Population. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 12, 967-974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[2]
|
Santos García, D., García Roca, L., de Deus Fonticoba, T., Cores Bartolomé, C., Naya Ríos, L., Canfield, H., et al. (2022) Constipation Predicts Cognitive Decline in Parkinson’s Disease: Results from the COPPADIS Cohort at 2-Year Follow-Up and Comparison with a Control Group. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 12, 315-331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[3]
|
Tansey, M.G., Wallings, R.L., Houser, M.C., Herrick, M.K., Keating, C.E. and Joers, V. (2022) Inflammation and Immune Dysfunction in Parkinson Disease. Nature Reviews Immunology, 22, 657-673. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[4]
|
Kim, S., Kwon, S., Kam, T., Panicker, N., Karuppagounder, S.S., Lee, S., et al. (2019) Transneuronal Propagation of Pathologic α-Synuclein from the Gut to the Brain Models Parkinson’s Disease. Neuron, 103, 627-641.e7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[5]
|
Tan, A.H., Lim, S.Y. and Lang, A.E. (2022) The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson Disease—From Basic Research to the Clinic. Nature Reviews Neurology, 18, 476-495. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[6]
|
Lacy, B.E., Mearin, F., Chang, L., Chey, W.D., Lembo, A.J., Simren, M., et al. (2016) Bowel Disorders. Gastroenterology, 150, 1393-1407.e5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[7]
|
Yao, L., Liang, W., Chen, J., Wang, Q. and Huang, X. (2022) Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. European Neurology, 86, 34-44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[8]
|
Yu, Q., Yu, S., Zuo, L., Lian, T., Hu, Y., Wang, R., et al. (2018) Parkinson Disease with Constipation: Clinical Features and Relevant Factors. Scientific Reports, 8, Article No. 567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[9]
|
Sun, B., Wang, T., Li, N., Wu, Q. and Qiao, J. (2021) Clinical Features and Relative Factors of Constipation in a Cohort of Chinese Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 12, 21-31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[10]
|
Frazzitta, G., Ferrazzoli, D., Folini, A., Palamara, G. and Maestri, R. (2019) Severe Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease and in Parkinsonisms: Prevalence and Affecting Factors. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, Article 621. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[11]
|
Braak, H., Tredici, K.D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R.A.I., Jansen Steur, E.N.H. and Braak, E. (2003) Staging of Brain Pathology Related to Sporadic Parkinson’s Disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 24, 197-211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[12]
|
Scheperjans, F., Levo, R., Bosch, B., Lääperi, M., Pereira, P.A.B., Smolander, O., et al. (2024) Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurology, 81, 925-938. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[13]
|
Sun, M. and Shen, Y. (2018) Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites in Parkinson’s Disease. Ageing Research Reviews, 45, 53-61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[14]
|
Sampson, T.R., Debelius, J.W., Thron, T., Janssen, S., Shastri, G.G., Ilhan, Z.E., et al. (2016) Gut Microbiota Regulate Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Cell, 167, 1469-1480.e12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[15]
|
Braak, H. and Del Tredici, K. (2008) Invited Article: Nervous System Pathology in Sporadic Parkinson Disease. Neurology, 70, 1916-1925. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[16]
|
Jellinger, K.A. (2018) Is Braak Staging Valid for All Types of Parkinson’s Disease? Journal of Neural Transmission, 126, 423-431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[17]
|
Kalaitzakis, M.E., Graeber, M.B., Gentleman, S.M. and Pearce, R.K.B. (2007) The Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus Is Not an Obligatory Trigger Site of Parkinson’s Disease: A Critical Analysis of α‐Synuclein Staging. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 34, 284-295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[18]
|
Visanji, N.P., Marras, C., Kern, D.S., Al Dakheel, A., Gao, A., Liu, L.W.C., et al. (2015) Colonic Mucosal α-Synuclein Lacks Specificity as a Biomarker for Parkinson Disease. Neurology, 84, 609-616. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[19]
|
Horsager, J., Andersen, K.B., Knudsen, K., Skjærbæk, C., Fedorova, T.D., Okkels, N., et al. (2020) Brain-First versus Body-First Parkinson’s Disease: A Multimodal Imaging Case-Control Study. Brain, 143, 3077-3088. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[20]
|
Borghammer, P. and Van Den Berge, N. (2019) Brain-First versus Gut-First Parkinson’s Disease: A Hypothesis. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 9, S281-S295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[21]
|
Borghammer, P., Just, M.K., Horsager, J., Skjærbæk, C., Raunio, A., Kok, E.H., et al. (2022) A Postmortem Study Suggests a Revision of the Dual-Hit Hypothesis of Parkinson’s Disease. npj Parkinson’s Disease, 8, Article No. 166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[22]
|
Camacho, M., Macleod, A.D., Maple-Grødem, J., Evans, J.R., Breen, D.P., Cummins, G., et al. (2021) Early Constipation Predicts Faster Dementia Onset in Parkinson’s Disease. npj Parkinson’s Disease, 7, Article No. 45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[23]
|
Al-Wardat, M., Grillo, P., Schirinzi, T., Pavese, C., Salimei, C., Pisani, A., et al. (2023) Constipation and Pain in Parkinson’s Disease: A Clinical Analysis. Journal of Neural Transmission, 131, 165-172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[24]
|
Warnecke, T., Schäfer, K., Claus, I., Del Tredici, K. and Jost, W.H. (2022) Gastrointestinal Involvement in Parkinson’s Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. npj Parkinson’s Disease, 8, Article No. 31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[25]
|
Yuan, X., Chen, Y. and Liu, Z. (2024) Relationship among Parkinson’s Disease, Constipation, Microbes, and Microbiological Therapy. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 30, 225-237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[26]
|
Bharucha, A.E. and Lacy, B.E. (2020) Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterology, 158, 1232-1249.e3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[27]
|
Verrotti, A., Prezioso, G., Scattoni, R. and Chiarelli, F. (2014) Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 5, Article 205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[28]
|
van der Schoot, A., Drysdale, C., Whelan, K. and Dimidi, E. (2022) The Effect of Fiber Supplementation on Chronic Constipation in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 116, 953-969. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[29]
|
Park, J.M., Lee, S.C., Ham, C. and Kim, Y.W. (2023) Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Gastrointestinal Motility, Inflammation, Motor, Non-Motor Symptoms and Mental Health in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Gut Pathogens, 15, Article No. 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[30]
|
Tan, A.H., Lim, S., Chong, K.K., A Manap, M.A.A., Hor, J.W., Lim, J.L., et al. (2021) Probiotics for Constipation in Parkinson Disease: A Randomized, Double‑Blind, Placebo‑Controlled Study. Neurology, 96, e772-e782. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[31]
|
Elhadi, M., Benghatnsh, A., Msherghi, A., Khaled, A., Khaled, A. and Faraj, H. (2023) Exploring the Benefits of Probiotics for Constipation Management in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 455, Article ID: 121754. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[32]
|
Ghorbani, Z., Shoaibinobarian, N., Noormohammadi, M., Taylor, K., Kazemi, A., Bonyad, A., et al. (2025) Reinforcing Gut Integrity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials Assessing Probiotics, Synbiotics, and Prebiotics on Intestinal Permeability Markers. Pharmacological Research, 216, Article ID: 107780. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[33]
|
Ghalandari, N., Assarzadegan, F., Mahdavi, H., Jamshidi, E. and Esmaily, H. (2023) Evaluating the Effectiveness of Probiotics in Relieving Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heliyon, 9, e14312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[34]
|
Ghalandari, N., Assarzadegan, F., Habibi, S.A.H., Esmaily, H. and Malekpour, H. (2023) Efficacy of Probiotics in Improving Motor Function and Alleviating Constipation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 22, e137840. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[35]
|
Jin, X., Dong, W., Chang, K., Yan, Y. and Liu, X. (2024) Efficacy of Probiotic Supplements on Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 82, Article ID: 103045. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[36]
|
Xie, L., Chen, D., Zhu, X. and Cheng, C. (2023) Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics in Parkinson’s Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, Article 1007654. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[37]
|
Nabil, Y., Helal, M.M., Qutob, I.A., Dawoud, A.I.A., Allam, S., Haddad, R., et al. (2025) Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review. BMC Neurology, 25, Article No. 291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[38]
|
Boertien, J.M., Murtomäki, K., Pereira, P.A.B., van der Zee, S., Mertsalmi, T.H., Levo, R., et al. (2022) Fecal Microbiome Alterations in Treatment-Naive De Novo Parkinson’s Disease. npj Parkinson’s Disease, 8, Article No. 129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[39]
|
Cheng, Y., Tan, G., Zhu, Q., Wang, C., Ruan, G., Ying, S., et al. (2023) Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Trial Results from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Design. Gut Microbes, 15, Article ID: 2284247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|