纳西东巴文动作动词的事件语义特征研究：基于象形构形的类型学视角

Event Semantic Features of Motion Verbs in the Naxi Dongba Script: A Typological Perspective Informed by Iconic Pictographic Structure

摘要: 本研究基于《纳西象形文字谱》和《麼些象形文字字典》，构建了一个包含292个词项的纳西东巴文动作动词语料库，旨在揭示象形文字体系如何编码动作事件的语义结构。研究在事件类型学框架下，以持续性与主动性两个跨语言最稳定的语义参数为核心分析维度，对全部词项进行系统的语义编码，并通过双编码程序确保语义判定的一致性与可复现性。研究结果显示，纳西东巴文动作动词呈现出高度显著的类型学分布模式。(1) 在持续性维度上，持续性动词占65.07%，远高于瞬时性动词，显示出东巴文字在象形构形中显著偏好记录可被视觉延展的过程性情景。(2) 在主动性维度上，意志性动词几乎占据整个系统，工具依赖型动作占26.02%，上肢动作占79.11%，强度显著的动作占85.62%。这一分布表明东巴文的动作事件概念化以“人–身体–工具–目的性行为链条”为核心，以手部操控性强的行为为原型类别。

Abstract: This study constructs a corpus of 292 motion verbs in the Naxi Dongba script based on two authoritative dictionaries—Naxi Xiangxing Wenzi Pu and Moxie Xiangxing Wenzi Zidian. Adopting an Event–Typological framework, we analyze the semantic structure of Dongba motion verbs along two cross-linguistically robust parameters: durativity and agentivity. All lexical items were independently coded by two trained researchers, yielding high inter-coder reliability. The findings reveal a highly systematic semantic profile. (1) Durativity: 65.07% of Dongba motion verbs encode extended, non-punctual processes, indicating a strong preference for visually depictable, temporally extended events in the pictorial construction of the script. (2) Agentivity: nearly all verbs are volitional actions, with only four non-volitional items; 26.02% require tools, 79.11% involve upper-limb actions, and 85.62% represent high-intensity behaviors. Collectively, these patterns show that Dongba motion verbs are organized around a “human-body-tool-intentional action” schema, reflecting a culturally grounded model of action conceptualization.