人民调解制度的创新发展与路径探索

The Innovative Development and Path Exploration of the People’s Mediation System

摘要: 人民调解制度作为“东方经验”，是基层社会治理体系的重要组成部分。步入新时代，社会主要矛盾转变与经济社会结构深刻变革，对传统人民调解工作提出了新的挑战与更高要求。本文立足于新时代背景，旨在探索人民调解制度的创新发展路径，以期为实践工作提供理论参考与决策依据。本文通过梳理非诉讼纠纷解决机制(ADR)与基层治理的相关理论，结合对全国多地创新实践案例的实证分析，结合现行制度运行状况，对人民调解在队伍建设、工作机制、保障措施及数字化应用等方面的现状进行深入剖析。研究发现，当前人民调解制度在取得显著成效的同时，仍面临调解队伍结构老化与专业化不足、体制机制存在行政化与司法化倾向、经费保障不力、城乡发展不均衡以及线上调解平台功能有待优化等核心困境。为推动人民调解制度的可持续发展，必须从构建高素质专业化调解队伍、优化多元协同调解机制、强化财政与职业保障措施、推进数字化与智能化转型升级等多个维度进行系统性创新，从而激活这一“东方经验”的现代活力，使其更好地服务于国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。

Abstract: The people’s mediation system, known as the “Eastern Experience,” serves as a crucial component of the grassroots social governance framework. As we enter the new era, the transformation of the principal social contradictions and the profound shifts in the economic and social structure present both new challenges and higher demands for traditional people’s mediation work. Grounded in the context of the new era, this paper aims to explore innovative pathways for the development of the people’s mediation system, with the goal of providing theoretical references and decision-making support for practical work. By reviewing theories related to Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and grassroots governance, and combining empirical analysis of innovative practices from various regions across the country along with the current operational status of the system, this paper conducts an in-depth examination of the present conditions of people’s mediation in areas such as team development, working mechanisms, support measures, and digital applications. The study reveals that while the people’s mediation system has achieved notable successes, it still faces several core challenges, including an aging and under-professionalized mediation workforce, tendencies toward administrative and judicial dominance within institutional mechanisms, insufficient funding support, uneven development between urban and rural areas, and the need for functional optimization of online mediation platforms. To promote the sustainable development of the people’s mediation system, it is imperative to undertake systematic innovations across multiple dimensions. These include cultivating a high-quality, professional mediation workforce, optimizing diversified and collaborative mediation mechanisms, strengthening financial and professional support measures, and advancing digital and intelligent transformation. Through these efforts, the modern vitality of this “Eastern Experience” can be reinvigorated, enabling it to better serve the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities.