赖斯翻译批评模式下A Psalm of Life三个汉译本的对比赏析

A Comparative Study of Three Chinese Versions of A Psalm of Life from the Perspective of Reiss’s Translation Criticism Theory

摘要: 中国语际翻译的历史最早可以追溯到西汉时期，但当时翻译的主要内容都是佛经，直到清朝才出现了第一首被译成中文的英语诗歌——A Psalm of Life。而清朝至今，这首诗已有多个译本。在20世纪70年代，德国学者凯瑟琳娜·赖斯在其著作《翻译批评——潜力与制约》中，提出了以文本类型为导向，结合语言内因素(语言范畴)、语言外因素(语用范畴)和功能因素(功能范畴)的翻译批评模式。因此，基于赖斯的翻译批评模式，文章从文本类型、语言范畴、语用范畴和功能范畴四方面对黄新渠、黄杲炘和黄一宁三人的译本进行对比赏析。通过分析发现，三人的译本基本都再现了原文的内容和风格，句式、节奏上也基本与原文保持一致；而在语义、词汇、语法和文体上，每一译本都有其各自的优点。此外，译本的语用和功能因素也显著影响了翻译策略的选择。

Abstract: The history of interlingual translation in China can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty. But at that time, the main content of translation was Buddhist scriptures, and it was not until the Qing Dynasty that the first English poem, A Psalm of Life, was translated into Chinese. From the Qing Dynasty to the present day, there have been several translations of this poem. In the 1970s, the German scholar Katharina Reiss, in her book “Translation Criticism—The Potentials and Limitations”, proposed a model of translation criticism that is oriented by text types and combines intra-linguistic (linguistic categories), extra-linguistic (discursive categories), and functional factors (functional categories). Therefore, based on Reiss’s theory of translation criticism, the article compares and appreciates the translations of Huang Xinqu, Huang Gaoxin and Huang Yining in terms of text types, discursive categories and functional categories linguistic categories. Through the analysis, it is found that the three translations reproduce the content and style of the original text, and keep the same as the original text in terms of syntax and rhythm; while in terms of semantics, vocabulary, grammar and style, each translation has its own merits. In addition, the discursive and functional factors of the translations also significantly influenced the choice of translation strategies.