多模态影像学方法在白血病骨髓浸润疾病诊断中的应用进展

Application Progress of Multimodal Imaging Methods in the Diagnosis of Leukemia with Bone Marrow Infiltration

摘要: 本文旨在对X线、双能CT (Dual-Energy Computed Tomography, DECT)、核磁共振成像(Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)及核医学技术(如PET/CT)在白血病骨髓浸润诊断中的应用进行综述。随着医学影像技术的不断发展，多模态影像诊断在白血病诊断和评估中发挥着日益重要的作用。X线作为传统的影像检查方法，在白血病的初步筛查发挥着重要作用。双能CT则凭借优越的物质分解技术显著增进了对微小骨髓浸润病灶的检测水平。MRI依靠其出色的软组织分辨率和多参数成像的优势，能够清楚呈现骨髓浸润的范围以及程度。核医学技术(以PET/CT为代表)通过检测细胞代谢活性，实现对白血病骨髓浸润的早期无创定位，同时还可以动态地监测疾病进展以及治疗反应。多种影像学方法联合应用形成的多模态评估体系为白血病的精准分期及个体化治疗方案制定提供了重要依据。

Abstract: This article aims to review the application of X-ray, dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine techniques (such as PET/CT) in the diagnosis of bone marrow infiltration in leukemia. With the continuous development of medical imaging technology, multimodal imaging diagnosis plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of leukemia. X-ray, as a traditional imaging examination method, plays a significant role in the initial screening of leukemia. Dual-energy CT, with its superior material decomposition technology, significantly enhances the detection level of small bone marrow infiltration lesions. MRI, relying on its excellent soft tissue resolution and multi-parameter imaging advantages, can clearly present the range and degree of bone marrow infiltration. Nuclear medicine techniques (represented by PET/CT) can achieve early non-invasive localization of bone marrow infiltration in leukemia by detecting cellular metabolic activity, and can also dynamically monitor disease progression and treatment response. The multimodal assessment system formed by the combined application of multiple imaging methods provides an important basis for the precise staging of leukemia and the formulation of individualized treatment plans.