数字经济赋能共同富裕的理论与实践、双刃剑效应和推进方略

Digital Economy Empowering Common Prosperity: Theory, Practice, Double-Edged Effects and Policy Roadmap

摘要: 数字经济作为新型经济形态，通过数字化赋能成为推动共同富裕的重要力量。在数字经济时代，人工智能和大数据技术成为推动共同富裕的重要引擎。共同富裕是激发全体人民共同奋斗的方向指引和动力保证。目前，以密集型要素投入为主的经济发展方式已形成路径依赖，城乡、地区和行业差距仍然存在，“效率”和“公平”矛盾凸显等等。数字经济赋予了共同富裕的新的时代内涵，亟需以理论映照现实，厘清共同富裕实现的现实实践与困境，对推进高质量发展，实现两个“一百年”奋斗目标具有重要意义。数字经济发展以“经济–社会–治理”三维赋能的创新实践驱动共同富裕的目标实现，一定程度上缓解了共同富裕实现的矛盾。但其双刃剑效应仍不容忽视，如数字鸿沟多维与分化、技能偏向型技术进步(SBTC)带来的就业结构与收入的更新与分化、隐私保护与数字剥削并存、数字经济增长与分配不平衡共生。因此，促进共同富裕的实现，在建立激励相容机制的同时，仍需弥合数字鸿沟、促进包容性发展；完善数字制度、强化高质量发展；推动创新驱动，实现可持续性发展。

Abstract: As a new economic paradigm, the digital economy has become a pivotal force in advancing common prosperity by means of comprehensive digital empowerment. In this era, artificial intelligence and big-data technologies function as the core engines that propel common prosperity, while the vision of shared affluence itself serves as both the directional compass and motivational guarantee for the collective striving of all citizens. At present, China’s growth model remains locked in a path-dependent trajectory dominated by intensive factor inputs; interstitial gaps across urban-rural, regional, and sectoral dimensions persist, and the tension between “efficiency” and “equity” has become increasingly salient. The digital economy therefore endows common prosperity with renewed contemporary connotations. An urgent theoretical interrogation of these connotations is needed to clarify the practical pathways and predicaments entailed in realizing common prosperity, thereby furnishing actionable guidance for high-quality development and the attainment of the “Two Centenary” goals. Empirically, the digital economy drives the realization of common prosperity through a three-dimensional, innovation-led modality that simultaneously reshapes economic structures, social relations, and governance architectures. This modality has mitigated, albeit partially, the contradictions that historically impede shared affluence. Yet the double-edged nature of digitalization remains non-trivial: multidimensional digital divides and their attendant stratification, skill biased technological change (SBTC) that reconfigures employment structures and income distribution, the coexistence of privacy erosion and digital exploitation, and the symbiotic tension between rapid digital growth and unbalanced distributional outcomes all constitute formidable challenges. Consequently, to facilitate the substantive realization of common prosperity, it is imperative to design incentive-compatible mechanisms while simultaneously bridging digital divides to foster inclusive development, refining digital institutions to consolidate high-quality development, and promoting innovation-driven strategies to ensure sustainable development.