牙周病与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病领域的研究热点与趋势分析

Research Hotspots and Development Trends in the Field of Periodontal Disease and Coronary Atherosclerotic Heart Disease

摘要: 背景：牙周病是一种常见的慢性炎症性口腔疾病，近年来，作为潜在心血管危险因素受到广泛关注。研究表明，牙周炎可能通过炎症扩散、免疫异常和口腔微生态失衡等机制参与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)的发生发展，相关交叉研究已形成独立领域。目的：探讨牙周病与CHD相关研究的趋势、热点与发展方向，梳理学科演化脉络，为基层全科医生在慢病管理中提供循证支持。方法：基于Web of Science核心合集数据库，检索2014~2024年文献，结合Bibliometrix R语言包、Excel、VOSviewer与CiteSpace进行计量与可视化分析，包括国家、机构与作者合作网络、关键词聚类与突现分析、文献共被引分析等。结果：共纳入1577篇文献，年发文量稳步上升，2021年达高峰。7824位作者参与研究，引用文献达53,910篇。美国与中国为核心研究国家，D’Aiuto为影响力最高的作者，北卡罗来纳大学、哈佛大学、四川大学等机构在合作网络中处于关键位置。研究热点聚焦口腔微生态、系统性炎症、免疫调控与共病机制，近年“oral microbiota”、“trained immunity”、“prevention”等关键词突现频繁，发展趋势正由传统病因机制研究逐步转向微生态干预、精准管理及临床转化应用，体现出该领域研究的纵深推进与多学科融合趋势。结论：牙周病与CHD交叉研究持续升温，呈现出多学科融合和研究重心纵深发展的趋势。加强机制探索与跨机构合作，将为慢病协同防控提供新路径。

Abstract: Background: Periodontal disease is a common chronic inflammatory oral condition that has gained increasing attention in recent years as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies suggest that periodontitis may contribute to the onset and Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) through mechanisms such as systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and oral microbiome imbalance. Related interdisciplinary research has gradually developed into a distinct scientific field. Objective: To explore the research trends, hotspots, and future directions of studies on periodontal disease and CHD, and to map the evolution of this interdisciplinary domain in order to provide evidence-based support for general practitioners in chronic disease management. Methods: Publications from 2014 to 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric and visualization analyses were performed using the Bibliometrix R package, Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace, focusing on collaborative networks (countries, institutions, authors), keyword clustering and burst analysis, and co-citation mapping. Results: A total of 1,577 publications were included, showing a steady increase in annual output, with a peak in 2021. A total of 7,824 authors contributed to these works, with 53,910 cited references. The United States and China were the leading contributor countries, and D’Aiuto was identified as the most influential author. Key institutions such as the University of North Carolina, Harvard University, and Sichuan University occupied central positions in the collaboration network. Research hotspots focused on the oral microbiome, systemic inflammation, immune regulation, and mechanisms of comorbid chronic diseases. Recently, keywords such as “oral microbiota,” “trained immunity,” and “prevention” have shown frequent bursts, indicating a shift from traditional etiological studies to microbiome-based interventions, precision care, and clinical translation—reflecting the field’s deepening and multidisciplinary development. Conclusion: The interdisciplinary research on periodontal disease and CHD continues to intensify, with an evident trend toward greater disciplinary integration and deeper exploration of research foci. Strengthening mechanistic studies and inter-institutional collaboration will provide new pathways for integrated chronic disease prevention and control.