安全依恋对攻击行为的影响
The Influence of Secure Attachment on Aggressive Behavior
摘要: 安全依恋能够给个体带来一系列积极效应,而以往研究证明安全依恋风格个体比非安全依恋个体表现出更少的攻击性,安全依恋启动也能够有效减少个体的攻击行为。文章从依恋特征的二重性角度出发,分析安全依恋风格和安全依恋启动对个体攻击行为的影响,并且从以往研究中综述安全依恋对攻击行为的影响机制,为后续安全依恋对攻击行为的影响研究提供有益的理论参考,并为减少青少年的攻击行为提供理论依据。
Abstract: Secure attachment is associated with a range of positive outcomes for individuals. Previous research indicates that individuals with secure attachment styles exhibit lower levels of aggression compared to those with insecure attachment styles. Moreover, priming secure attachment has been shown to reduce aggressive behavior effectively. This paper reviews the impact of both secure attachment styles and secure attachment priming on individual aggression from the dual perspective of attachment characteristics. It also summarizes the mechanisms through which secure attachment influences aggression, drawing on existing research to provide valuable theoretical insights for future studies on this topic and a theoretical foundation for interventions aimed at reducing aggression among adolescents.
文章引用:庞钰祺 (2026). 安全依恋对攻击行为的影响. 心理学进展, 16(1), 166-175. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.161021

参考文献

[1] 陈步青, 郭艳丽, 刘文达, 牛旭峰(2018). 道德敏感性与攻击: 自我控制和情绪调节的多重中介. 中国健康心理学杂志, 26(1), 93-98.
[2] 陈佳欣, 陈旭(2021). 依恋与青少年攻击行为关系的三水平元分析. 心理学进展, 11(12), 2707-2717.
[3] 范磊(2017). 值不值得去攻击——攻击结果考量与主动性攻击的关系及其fMRI证据. 硕士学位论文, 重庆: 西南大学.
[4] 贾成龙, 刘廷廷, 孙莉, 秦金亮(2020a). 个体依恋特征的二重性: 特质性依恋与状态性依恋. 心理科学进展, 28(4), 626-637.
[5] 贾成龙, 孙莉, 冯伯乐, 秦金亮(2020b). 依恋启动及其效应. 心理科学进展, (9), 1539-1550.
[6] 李彩娜, 石鑫欣, 黄凤, 马婧(2013). 安全依恋的概念、机制与功能. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), (6), 30-37.
[7] 李霓霓, 张卫, 李董平, 麦玉娇, 王晶晶, 邢文利(2009). 青少年的依恋、情绪智力与攻击性行为的关系. 心理发展与教育, 25(2), 91-96.
[8] 马原啸(2017). 依恋风格预测社会拒绝背景下的攻击行为: 基于执行控制功能的视角. 硕士学位论文, 重庆: 西南大学.
[9] 马原啸, 冉光明, 陈旭(2016). 不安全依恋者注意偏向的形成机制及神经基础. 心理科学进展, 24(3), 392-401
[10] 杨青, 杨博, 邱慧卉, 何娟娟(2016). 大学生成人依恋类型与情绪调节策略的关系. 中国健康教育, 32(3), 230-232.
[11] 张桂平, 兰珊(2020). 社会排斥对大学生攻击行为的影响机制——焦虑情绪和自恋型人格的内在机理. 教育学术月刊, (3), 95-100.
[12] 张鹏, 张斌梅子, 邹建科, 刘翔平(2018). 安全依恋启动影响社会行为: 方法、效果与机制. 心理科学, 41(3), 615-620.
[13] Baldwin, M. W., Keelan, J. P. R., Fehr, B., Enns, V., & Koh-Rangarajoo, E. (1996). Social-Cognitive Conceptualization of Attachment Working Models: Availability and Accessibility Effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 94-109.[CrossRef
[14] Berkowitz, L. (1988). Frustrations, Appraisals, and Aversively Stimulated Aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 14, 3-11.[CrossRef
[15] Blum, R. W., Beuhring, T., & Rinehart, P. M. (2000). Protecting Teens: Beyond Race, Income and Family Structure. Center for Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota.
[16] Boes, A. D., Tranel, D., Anderson, S. W., & Nopoulos, P. (2008). Right Anterior Cingulate: A Neuroanatomical Correlate of Aggression and Defiance in Boys. Behavioral Neuroscience, 122, 677-684.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Attachment. Penguin.
[18] Bryant, R. A., & Bali, A. (2018). Activating Attachment Representations Impact How We Retrieve Autobiographical Memories. Memory, 26, 462-467.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] Buist, K. L., Deković, M., Meeus, W., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2004). The Reciprocal Relationship between Early Adolescent Attachment and Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behaviour. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 251-266.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Burton, K. A., Florell, D., & Wygant, D. B. (2013). The Role of Peer Attachment and Normative Beliefs about Aggression on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying. Psychology in the Schools, 50, 103-115.[CrossRef
[21] Bushman, B. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2001). Is It Time to Pull the Plug on Hostile versus Instrumental Aggression Dichotomy? Psychological Review, 108, 273-279.[CrossRef
[22] Calkins, D., & Leerkes, M. (2011). Early Attachment Processes and the Development of Emotional Self-Regulation. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 6, 822-832.
[23] Carlo, G., McGinley, M., Hayes, R. C., & Martinez, M. M. (2012). Empathy as a Mediator of the Relations between Parent and Peer Attachment and Prosocial and Physically Aggressive Behaviors in Mexican American College Students. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29, 337-357.[CrossRef
[24] Carnelley, K. B., Bejinaru, M., Otway, L., Baldwin, D. S., & Rowe, A. C. (2018). Effects of Repeated Attachment Security Priming in Outpatients with Primary Depressive Disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 234, 201-206.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Cassidy, J., Stern, J. A., Mikulincer, M., Martin, D. R., & Shaver, P. R. (2018). Influences on Care for Others: Attachment Security, Personal Suffering, and Similarity between Helper and Care Recipient. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44, 574-588.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Cyr, M., Pasalich, D. S., McMahon, R. J., & Spieker, S. J. (2014). The Longitudinal Link between Parenting and Child Aggression: The Moderating Effect of Attachment Security. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 45, 555-564.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Dodge, K. A. (2006). Translational Science in Action: Hostile Attributional Style and the Development of Aggressive Behavior Problems. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 791-814.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Dodge, K. A., & Coie, J. D. (1987). Social-Information-Processing Factors in Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Children’s Peer Groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1146-1158.[CrossRef
[29] Edelstein, R. S., & Gillath, O. (2008). Avoiding Interference: Adult Attachment and Emotional Processing Biases. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 171-181.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Eisenberger, N. I., Master, S. L., Inagaki, T. K., Taylor, S. E., Shirinyan, D., Lieberman, M. D. et al. (2011). Attachment Figures Activate a Safety Signal-Related Neural Region and Reduce Pain Experience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 11721-11726.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Fearon, R. P., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The Significance of Insecure Attachment and Disorganization in the Development of Children’s Externalizing Behavior: A Meta‐Analytic Study. Child Development, 81, 435-456.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Fraley, R. C., & Roisman, G. I. (2019). The Development of Adult Attachment Styles: Four Lessons. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 26-30.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Gallarin, M., & Alonso‐Arbiol, I. (2012). Parenting Practices, Parental Attachment and Aggressiveness in Adolescence: A Predictive Model. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 1601-1610.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Gilam, G., Abend, R., Gurevitch, G., Erdman, A., Baker, H., Ben-Zion, Z. et al. (2018). Attenuating Anger and Aggression with Neuromodulation of the VMPFC: A Simultaneous TDCS-Fmri Study. Cortex, 109, 156-170.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Gillath, O., & Karantzas, G. (2019). Attachment Security Priming: A Systematic Review. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 86-95.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[36] Gillath, O., Hart, J., Noftle, E. E., & Stockdale, G. D. (2009). Development and Validation of a State Adult Attachment Measure (SAAM). Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 362-373.[CrossRef
[37] Hariri, A. R., & Whalen, P. J. (2011). The Amygdala: Inside and Out. F1000 Biology Reports, 3, Article 2.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Karakurt, G., Keiley, M., & Posada, G. (2013). Intimate Relationship Aggression in College Couples: Family-of-Origin Violence, Egalitarian Attitude, Attachment Security. Journal of Family Violence, 28, 561-575.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[39] Kim, H., Somerville, L. H., Johnstone, T., Polis, S., Alexander, A. L., Shin, L. M. et al. (2004). Contextual Modulation of Amygdala Responsivity to Surprised Faces. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16, 1730-1745.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[40] Laible, D. J., Carlo, G., & Raffaelli, M. (2000). The Differential Relations of Parent and Peer Attachment to Adolescent Adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 45-59.[CrossRef
[41] Lemerise, E. A., & Arsenio, W. F. (2000). An Integrated Model of Emotion Processes and Cognition in Social Information Processing. Child Development, 71, 107-118.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[42] Liu, J., Huo, Y., Chen, Y., & Song, P. (2018). Dispositional and Experimentally Primed Attachment Security Reduced Cyber Aggression after Cyber Ostracism. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 334-341.[CrossRef
[43] Michiels, D., Grietens, H., Onghena, P., & Kuppens, S. (2008). Parent-Child Interactions and Relational Aggression in Peer Relationships. Developmental Review, 28, 522-540.[CrossRef
[44] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment Security, Compassion, and Altruism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 34-38.[CrossRef
[45] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change (2nd Ed.). Guilford Press.
[46] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007a). Attachment, Group-Related Processes, and Psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 57, 233-245.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[47] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007b). Boosting Attachment Security to Promote Mental Health, Prosocial Values, and Inter-Group Tolerance. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 139-156.[CrossRef
[48] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016a). Adult Attachment and Emotion Regulation. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, 3, 507-533
[49] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016b). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change (2nd ed). The Guildford Press.
[50] Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2018). Attachment Orientations and Emotion Regulation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 6-10.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[51] Mikulincer, M., Hirschberger, G., Nachmias, O., & Gillath, O. (2001). The Affective Component of the Secure Base Schema: Affective Priming with Representations of Attachment Security. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 305-321.[CrossRef
[52] Muris, P., Meesters, C., Morren, M., & Moorman, L. (2014). Anger and Hostility in Adolescents: Relationships with Self-Reported Attachment Style and Perceived Parental Rearing Styles. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 257-264.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[53] Nakamura, M. S., & Kawabata, Y. (2018). The Moderating Roles of Relational Interdependence and Gender on the Association between Attachment Insecurity and Relational Aggression in Guam. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 10, 79-88.[CrossRef
[54] Norman, L., Lawrence, N., Iles, A., Benattayallah, A., & Karl, A. (2015). Attachment-Security Priming Attenuates Amygdala Activation to Social and Linguistic Threat. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10, 832-839.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[55] Pardini, D. A., Raine, A., Erickson, K., & Loeber, R. (2014). Lower Amygdala Volume in Men Is Associated with Childhood Aggression, Early Psychopathic Traits, and Future Violence. Biological Psychiatry, 75, 73-80.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[56] Ravitz, P., Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Sthankiya, B., & Lancee, W. (2010). Adult Attachment Measures: A 25-Year Review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69, 419-432.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[57] Saleem, M., Prot, S., Cikara, M., Lam, B. C. P., Anderson, C. A., & Jelic, M. (2015). Cutting Gordian Knots: Reducing Prejudice through Attachment Security. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 1560-1574.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[58] Shaver, P. R., & Hazan, C. (1993). Adult Romantic Attachment: Theory and Evidence. In D. Perlman & W. Jones (Eds.), Advances in Personal Relationships (pp. 29-70). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
[59] Shaver, P. R., Collins, N., & Clark, C. L. (1996). Attachment Styles and Internal Working Models of Self and Relationship Partners. In G. J. O. Fletcher, & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge Structures in Close Relationships: A Social Psychological Approach (pp. 25-61). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[60] Ştefan, C. A., & Avram, J. (2017). Investigating Direct and Indirect Effects of Attachment on Internalizing and Externalizing Problems through Emotion Regulation in a Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 2311-2323.[CrossRef
[61] Swab, R. G., & Johnson, P. D. (2023). Attachment, Competitiveness, and Workplace Aggression: A Model of Aggressive Intent and Examination of the Competitive Orientation Scale. Psychological Reports, 128, 3672-3708.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[62] Troyer, D., & Greitemeyer, T. (2018). The Impact of Attachment Orientations on Empathy in Adults: Considering the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies and Negative Affectivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 122, 198-205.[CrossRef
[63] Vrticka, P., & Vuilleumier, P. (2012). Neuroscience of Human Social Interactions and Adult Attachment Style. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, Article 212.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[64] Wilson, C. L., & Ruben, M. A. (2011). A Pain in Her Arm: Romantic Attachment Orientations and the Tourniquet Task. Personal Relationships, 18, 242-265.[CrossRef
[65] Zhou, Y., Li, W., Gao, T., Pan, X., & Han, S. (2023). Neural Representation of Perceived Race Mediates the Opposite Relationship between Subcomponents of Self-Construals and Racial Outgroup Punishment. Cerebral Cortex, 33, 8759-8772.[CrossRef] [PubMed]