鱼类增殖站用水量及节水技术探讨

Exploration of Water Consumption and Water-Saving Technologies in Fish Propagation Stations

摘要: 鱼类增殖站是缓解水电工程对水生生态影响的核心补偿措施，但其集约化养殖模式的高耗水特性与水资源刚性约束矛盾日益凸显。本文系统分析了鱼类增殖站从亲本培育到苗种出圃的全过程用水特性，指出苗种培育环节是耗水主体，传统流水养殖模式效率低下。针对此问题，本文构建了以循环水养殖技术为核心，结合过程优化与智能化管理的综合节水技术体系。结合金沙江梨园水电站鱼类增殖站的工程实例，详细阐述了其室内循环水养殖系统的技术构成与节水原理。案例分析表明，该技术模式可将系统日补水量控制在总水体的15%以内，复用水率高达94%，单位鱼苗用水量指标行业领先，实现了资源节约与环境友好的统一，可为取水许可审批和用水管理提供参考。最后，本文对鱼类增殖站节水技术的标准化、智慧化发展前景进行了展望，旨在为其现代化转型提供理论依据与实践路径。

Abstract: Fish propagation stations are a core compensatory measure for mitigating the ecological impacts of hydro-power projects. However, the high water consumption characteristics of their intensive farming models increasingly conflict with rigid water resources constraints. This paper systematically analyzes the water usage characteristics throughout the production process in fish propagation stations, from broodstock cultivation to juvenile fish rearing, identifying the fry rearing stage as the primary water consumer, with traditional flow-through farming models being highly inefficient. To address this issue, an integrated water-saving technology system is proposed, centered on Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) technology and incorporating process optimization and intelligent management. Using the Liyuan Hydro-power Station Fish Propagation Station on the Jinsha River as a case study, the paper elaborates on the technical composition and water-saving principles of its indoor RAS. Case analysis demonstrates that this technological model can limit daily water replenishment to less than 15% of the total system volume, achieving a water reuse rate of up to 94%, with leading water-use efficiency indicators per unit of fry produced, thereby harmonizing resource conservation with environmental friendliness, and can provide a reference for water abstraction license approval and water use management. Finally, the paper discusses the prospects for the standardization and intellectualization of water-saving technologies in fish propagation stations, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical pathway for their modernization.