国家公园内保护地役权研究——基于钱江源国家公园实践探索的考量

Research on Conservation Easements in National Parks—Considerations Based on Practical Explorations in Qianjiangyuan National Park

摘要: 国家公园自试点建设至今已有十年之久，以钱江源为首的国家公园在保护地役权实践探索中取得了显著成效。国家公园保护地役权制度可以很好地弥补征收、赎买、置换、租赁等模式在自然保护以及合同约束效力方面的不足，这为国家公园保护地役权制度的引入提供了必要性支撑。本研究以钱江源国家公园保护地役权实践视角切入，呈现国家公园保护地役权制度实践现状以及遭遇的难题。通过分析美国保护地役权制度在法律体系、配套机制以及社会组织参与等方面的做法，有针对性地提出了我国国家公园在明确保护地役权制度的引入路径、完善保护地役权制度的配套建设以及发挥社会组织在保护地役权制度中的作用的完善对策。

Abstract: It has been a decade since the pilot construction of national parks in China, and national parks represented by Qianjiangyuan have achieved remarkable results in the practical exploration of conservation easements. The system of conservation easements in national parks can effectively make up for the deficiencies of such models as expropriation, redemption, replacement, and leasing in terms of nature conservation and the binding effect of contracts, which provides necessary support for the introduction of the conservation easement system in national parks. From the perspective of the practice of conservation easements in Qianjiangyuan National Park, this study presents the current status and challenges of the implementation of the conservation easement system in national parks. By drawing on the advanced experience of the United States in the conservation easement system, such as a sound legal system, improved supporting mechanisms, and extensive participation of social organizations, this study proposes targeted countermeasures for China’s national parks, including clarifying the introduction path of the conservation easement system, improving the supporting construction of the system, and giving full play to the role of social organizations in the system.