职业女性性别角色的影响因素——双性化与未分化个案对比

Factors Influencing Gender Roles among Professional Women—A Comparative Study of Androgynous and Undifferentiated Cases

摘要: 研究基于苏彦捷、卢勤在中国文化背景下于2003年修订后的BEM性别角色量表，甄别出双性化、未分化、女性化、男性化研究对象。在此基础上，对个案进行深度访谈，以探究影响职业女性性别角色形成的主要因素，并比较了双性化和未分化的构成原因。结果表明，养育者成就期待较高、养育者显现出双性化的心理特征、养育者提供的情感支持较多；上级管理风格为“高关系”类型(不论“低任务”、“高任务”)、职业激情为和谐激情；高自尊和自我成就期待较高的个体容易发展成双性化的性别角色。反之，养育者成就期待较低或者过高、养育者显现出未分化的心理特征、养育者缺乏情感支持；上级管理风格为“低关系”类型(不论“低任务”、“高任务”)、职业激情为强迫激情甚至缺乏激情；中低自尊和自我成就期待不高的个体容易发展成未分化的性别角色。

Abstract: Based on the BEM Gender Role Scale revised by Su Yanjie and Lu Qin in 2003 under the background of Chinese culture, this study identified Androgynous, Undifferentiated, Feminine, Masculine research subjects. On this basis, in-depth interviews were conducted with individual cases to explore the main factors influencing the formation of gender roles for professional women, and the causes of androgynous and Undifferentiated were compared. The results show that caregivers have higher expectations of achievement, exhibit androgynously psychological characteristics, and provide more emotional support. The superior’s management style is of the “high relationship” type (whether it is “low task” or “high task”), and the professional passion is harmonious passion. Individuals with high self-esteem and high expectations of self-achievement tend to develop androgynous gender roles. Conversely, if the caregiver’s achievement expectations are either low or high, the caregiver shows undifferentiated psychological characteristics, or the caregiver lacks emotional support; the superior’s management style is of the “low relationship” type (whether it is “low task” or “high task”), and the professional passion is obsessive passion or even lacks passion. Individuals with medium to low self-esteem and low expectations of self-achievement tend to develop undifferentiated gender roles.