AIGC新闻生产与传播的伦理三重困境及规制路径

The Ethical Trilemma and Regulatory Pathways of AIGC News Production and Dissemination

摘要: 生成式AI已深度重塑新闻生产与传播机制，但伦理问题日益凸显，阻碍行业健康发展。本文以三类典型案例为分析对象：2023年AI伪造“五角大楼爆炸”图引发金融市场动荡；深度伪造技术被滥用于冒用公众人物形象营销；《纽约时报》起诉OpenAI著作权侵权案。结合波特图式分析，AIGC给新闻业带来三重伦理困境：生成“拟态事实”冲击新闻真实性根基；技术复制成本低消解传播主体权益排他性；算法黑箱加剧著作权保护与责任追溯难题。研究认为，技术应用边界模糊与监管滞后是核心成因。因此，本文借鉴“行业–技术–法律”协同治理理念，构建“行业自律、技术保障、法律约束”的多元规制体系，为新闻业实现技术创新与伦理坚守的平衡提供支撑，助力行业可持续发展。

Abstract: Generative Artificial Intelligence (AIGC) has profoundly reshaped the production and communication mechanisms of the news industry, while ethical issues have become increasingly prominent, hindering the healthy development of the industry. This study takes three typical cases as the research objects: the 2023 incident where AI-fabricated images of the “Pentagon explosion” triggered violent fluctuations in the financial market; the frequent abuse of deepfake technology in recent years, where lawbreakers use this technology to impersonate public figures for commercial marketing activities; and the copyright infringement lawsuit filed by The New York Times against OpenAI. Combined with the Potter Box, a commonly used tool in journalistic ethics research, this study systematically sorts out the triple ethical dilemmas in AIGC news practice. Specifically, AIGC exerts impacts on journalism in three aspects: first, in terms of fact construction, the technology can actively generate “simulated facts”, which directly affects the fundamental industry principle of journalistic authenticity; second, the low cost of technology replication eliminates the exclusivity of the rights and interests of communication subjects; third, the existence of algorithmic black boxes makes copyright protection and responsibility tracing increasingly difficult. It is believed that the ambiguity of the boundary of technology application and the lag of regulatory mechanisms are the key factors leading to these problems. Therefore, drawing on the concept of “industry-technology-law” collaborative governance, this study attempts to construct a multi-dimensional collaborative regulatory system of “industry self-discipline, technical guarantee, and legal constraint”. This system provides support to help the journalism industry achieve a balance between technological innovation and ethical principles, thereby contributing to its sustainable development.