重庆区域飞机积冰特征分析及预报应用研究

Study on Characteristic Analysis and Forecast Application of Aircraft Icing in Chongqing Area

摘要: 为提升重庆区域航空气象保障能力，降低积冰对飞行安全的影响，基于2021~2023年重庆江北机场航空器空中报告数据，系统分析了该区域飞机积冰的时间、高度及空间分布特征，并探讨了积冰预报方法在区域航空气象服务中的应用。结果表明：重庆区域3年共记录积冰69次，其中严重积冰34次、中度33次、轻度2次；积冰季节性特征显著，冬季占比66%，1~2月为高发期；高度集中在2~4 km (占比64.2%)，且冬季高度最低、夏季最高；空间分布集中于本场(36%)、东1区(25%)和北1区(20%)，北1区严重积冰占比达91%。基于IC指数法、VV积冰指数等构建的航空气象综合服务平台，实现了积冰预报的可视化与实时验证，为区域飞行安全提供了有效支撑。未来需结合航路流量信息进一步优化预报精度，提升预警精细化水平。

Abstract: To improve the aviation meteorological support capability in the Chongqing area and reduce the impact of icing on flight safety, this study systematically analyzes the temporal, altitude, and spatial distribution characteristics of aircraft icing in the area, and explores the application of icing forecast methods in regional aviation meteorological services, based on the aircraft in-flight report data from Chongqing Jiangbei Airport during 2021~2023. The results show that: A total of 69 icing events were recorded in the Chongqing area over 3 years, including 34 severe icing events, 33 moderate icing events, and 2 light icing events; the seasonal characteristics of icing were significant, with winter accounting for 66%, and January-February being the peak period; the altitude of icing was concentrated at 2~4 km (accounting for 64.2%), with the lowest altitude in winter and the highest in summer; the spatial distribution was concentrated in the airport itself (36%), East Area 1 (25%), and North Area 1 (20%), and severe icing in North Area 1 accounted for 91%. The comprehensive aviation meteorological service platform built based on the IC Index Method, VV Icing Index, and other methods has realized the visualization and real-time verification of icing forecasts, providing effective support for regional flight safety. In the future, it is necessary to further optimize the forecast accuracy by combining airway traffic information and improve the refined level of early warning.