中医药治疗H型高血压的研究进展

Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment for Type H Hypertension

摘要: 高血压是全球范围内公认的导致心脑血管疾病的首要危险因素，对公众健康构成重大威胁。我国高血压患病基数庞大，且近年来受多重社会因素影响，其流行病学特征发生显著变化：在城市化进程加速、工作与生活压力增大、饮食模式转变、身体活动普遍不足以及社交媒体与数字娱乐广泛普及的共同作用下，国内高血压患病人数持续快速增长，且发病人群呈现出明显的年轻化趋势。中医对于H型高血压的认识，根植于《内经》的肝、脾、风、湿理论，经《丹溪心法》等强调“痰”的作用，并结合后世“瘀”学说发展而来。其“痰湿为基，瘀血为变，肝风为标”的病机框架，为中西医结合治疗该病(在降压、补充叶酸的同时，辨证使用化痰、活血、平肝中药)提供了理论依据和经典支撑。

Abstract: Hypertension is globally recognized as the primary risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, posing a significant threat to public health. China has a large hypertension patient base, and in recent years, influenced by multiple social factors, its epidemiological characteristics have undergone significant changes: accelerated urbanization, increased work and life pressures, shifts in dietary patterns, widespread physical inactivity, and the widespread popularity of social media and digital entertainment have collectively contributed to the continuous and rapid growth of hypertension cases in China, with a noticeable trend toward younger age groups. Traditional Chinese Medicine’s understanding of H-type hypertension is rooted in the theories of liver, spleen, wind, and dampness from the Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine). This understanding was further developed through works like Danxi’s Heart Method, which emphasized the role of “phlegm,” and later integrated with the “blood stasis” theory. Its pathogenic mechanism framework—“phlegm-dampness as the foundation, blood stasis as the transformation, liver wind as the manifestation”—provides theoretical grounding and classical support for integrated Chinese-Western medicine treatment (combining blood pressure reduction and folic acid supplementation with syndrome-differentiated use of phlegm-resolving, blood-activating, and liver-calming Chinese herbs).