自尊对孤独感的影响：基于双结构自尊的研究

The Impact of Self-Esteem on Loneliness: From the Perspective of Dual-Structure Self-Esteem

摘要: 本研究基于自尊的双维结构，探讨外显自尊、内隐自尊及其差异与孤独感的关系。以181名大学生为被试，通过问卷与内隐联想测验进行测量。结果显示：1) 外显自尊与内隐自尊均与孤独感呈显著负相关，且能独立负向预测孤独感；2) 自尊差异水平(外显与内隐自尊的差值大小)正向预测孤独感；3) 相较于脆弱型自尊(高外显–低内隐)，受损型自尊(低外显–高内隐)的个体孤独感更强。结论表明，意识与无意识层面的自我评价均是孤独感的重要独立预测因素，而二者间的不一致，特别是受损型自尊模式，会显著加剧个体的孤独体验。这为理解与干预孤独感提供了依据。

Abstract: This study explores the relationship between explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem, their discrepancies, and loneliness based on the two-dimensional structure of self-esteem. The research involved 181 university students, with data collected through questionnaires and the Implicit Association Test. The results showed that: 1) Both explicit and implicit self-esteem were significantly negatively correlated with loneliness and could independently and negatively predict loneliness; 2) The level of self-esteem discrepancy (the magnitude of the difference between explicit and implicit self-esteem) positively predicted loneliness; 3) Compared to individuals with fragile self-esteem (high explicit-low implicit), those with damaged self-esteem (low explicit-high implicit) reported higher levels of loneliness. The findings indicate that both conscious and unconscious self-evaluations are significant independent predictors of loneliness, and the inconsistency between them, particularly the damaged self-esteem pattern, significantly exacerbates individuals’ experience of loneliness. This provides a basis for understanding and intervening in loneliness.