金钱债务下合同僵局的破解之道——以减损规则的适用为中心

The Solution to the Contractual Deadlock in Monetary Debts—Centered on the Application of Impairment Rules

摘要: 在当前我国民法规则体系下，《民法典》580条中的违约方解除仅能适用于非金钱债务合同僵局中的有限情形，而对于金钱债务下形成的合同僵局难以扩张适用该规则。为破解该困局，应注重转换视角，将“合同僵局”转化为“不合理地请求继续履行”的权利行使视角，从而通过限制履行请求权的方法破解合同僵局。通过规范阐述，我国《民法典》第591条减损义务规则可以通过减少损失赔偿数额的方法倒逼守约方放弃请求继续履行转而选择及时寻求替代措施甚至主动解除合同，从而实现金钱债务下合同僵局的困境破解。

Abstract: Under the current civil law rule system in China, the breach-of-contract party’s right to terminate as stipulated in Article 580 of the Civil Code can only be applied to limited situations of non-monetary debt contractual deadlock, and it is difficult to expand its application to contractual deadlock formed under monetary debts. To break this deadlock, it is necessary to shift perspectives and transform “contractual deadlock” into the perspective of the exercise of the right to unreasonably request performance, thereby resolving the contractual deadlock by restricting the right to request performance. Through normative elaboration, the loss reduction obligation rule in Article 591 of the Civil Code can force the observing party to abandon the request for continued performance and instead choose to seek alternative measures in a timely manner or even proactively terminate the contract by reducing the amount of loss compensation, thereby resolving the contractual deadlock under monetary debts.