基于模糊VIKOR的生鲜电商供应链韧性供应商选择研究

Research on Supplier Selection for Fresh Produce E-Commerce Supply Chain Resilience Based on Fuzzy VIKOR

摘要: 本文针对生鲜电商供应链在突发事件下易发生中断的现实问题，以提升供应链韧性为目标，开展高韧性供应商选择方法研究。在分析现有供应商评价方法不足的基础上，结合生鲜电商行业特点，从运营效率、风险防控与响应韧性、绿色与可持续韧性三个维度，构建了包含12项指标的评价体系。为有效处理专家评价中常见的模糊语言信息，引入三角模糊数对定性指标进行量化，并建立基于模糊VIKOR方法的供应商选择模型。通过熵权法确定指标权重，结合每日优鲜(Missfresh)企业的实际案例，基于专家定性评价数据进行算例分析。结果表明，所建模型能够有效识别出在关键运营与风险防控指标上表现稳定、无明显短板的供应商，验证了该方法的实用性和有效性，为生鲜电商企业优选高韧性供应商提供了科学的决策依据。

Abstract: In response to the real-world issue of fresh produce e-commerce supply chains being prone to disruptions under unexpected events, this study aims to enhance supply chain resilience by developing a method for selecting highly resilient suppliers. After analyzing the shortcomings of existing supplier evaluation methods and considering the characteristics of the fresh produce e-commerce industry, an evaluation system comprising 12 indicators was constructed across three dimensions: operational efficiency, risk prevention and response resilience, and green and sustainable resilience. To effectively handle the fuzzy linguistic information commonly found in expert evaluations, triangular fuzzy numbers were introduced to quantify qualitative indicators, and a supplier selection model based on the fuzzy VIKOR method was established. The entropy weight method was used to determine indicator weights, and a case study involving the “Missfresh” enterprise was conducted with qualitative expert evaluation data for numerical analysis. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively identify suppliers with stable performance in key operational and risk prevention indicators and no significant weaknesses, validating the practicality and effectiveness of the method. This provides a scientific decision-making basis for fresh produce e-commerce enterprises to select highly resilient suppliers.