伊犁河谷东段复杂地形下的温度与降水差异研究

A Study on Temperature and Precipitation Differences under Complex Topography in the Eastern Ili Valley

摘要: 本文基于2021年9月1日至2022年8月31日新源国家气象站与伊犁野果林自动气象站的逐小时气温和降水观测数据，分析了伊犁河谷东段地形气象要素的时空分布特征，重点探讨了地形和海拔对局地气候的影响。结果表明：(1) 新源站大陆性气候显著，夏季高温突出、年温差与日较差大；野果林站受山地逆温影响，冬季气温较高，气候更为稳定，日较差小。(2) 野果林站年降水量大、降水强度高、极端性强，呈典型山地降水特征，峰值多见于凌晨至上午；新源站降水强度弱、分布均匀，更多受午后热对流影响。(3) 地形与海拔是导致两站气候差异的主导因子。野果林站地处迎风坡，地形抬升增雨效应显著；新源站地势平坦，降水机制以热对流为主。两地气候变化趋势一致，但地形加剧了局地气候分异。本研究揭示了小尺度地形对局地气候的显著影响，对新疆区域农业生产、生态保护和防灾减灾具有重要参考价值。

Abstract: Based on hourly temperature and precipitation observation data from the Xinyuan National Meteorological Station and the Yili Wild Fruit Forest Automatic Weather Station from September 1, 2021, to August 31, 2022, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of meteorological elements in the eastern section of the Ili River Valley, with a focus on the influence of topography and elevation on the local climate. The results indicate that: (1) Xinyuan Station exhibits significant continental climate features, with prominent high summer temperatures, large annual temperature range, and considerable diurnal temperature variation; influenced by mountain temperature inversion, the Wild Fruit Forest Station experiences relatively higher winter temperatures, greater climatic stability, and smaller diurnal temperature variation. (2) The Wild Fruit Forest Station has higher annual precipitation, greater precipitation intensity, and stronger extremes, showing typical mountain precipitation characteristics, with peaks mostly occurring from early morning to noon; Xinyuan Station has weaker precipitation intensity and more uniform distribution, primarily influenced by afternoon thermal convection. (3) Topography and elevation are the dominant factors causing climatic differences between the two stations. The Wild Fruit Forest Station, located on the windward slope, shows significant terrain uplift and rainfall enhancement effects; with relatively flat terrain, Xinyuan Station has a precipitation mechanism mainly driven by thermal convection. Although the climatic trends at both sites are consistent, topography exacerbates local climate differentiation. This study reveals the significant impact of small-scale topography on local climate, providing important reference value for agricultural production, ecological protection, and disaster prevention and mitigation in the Xinjiang region.