数字经济下新型用工关系的权益保障挑战及应对路径

Challenges and Response Paths for Safeguarding Rights and Interests in New Employment Relationships under the Digital Economy

摘要: 数字平台经济催生的新型用工模式正在解构传统劳动法的二元框架。本文透过“去组织化”与“再中介化”并存的用工实践，揭示出新型用工关系的核心矛盾在于：算法控制强化了实质从属性，而多层外包模糊了法律责任主体。这种“强控制–弱契约–责任分散”的三重错位，引发劳动关系认定僵局、社会保险请求权的去劳动关系化困境以及算法权力的正当程序缺失。本文主张构建“标准劳动关系–不完全劳动关系–民事劳务关系”的三层认定架构，明确平台企业在外包用工中的补充赔偿责任，建立职业伤害保障制度的去劳动关系化路径，并通过算法透明义务与正当程序控制实现技术理性与人文关怀的再平衡。

Abstract: The new employment models catalyzed by the digital platform economy are deconstructing the binary framework of traditional labor law. This article, through examining the employment practices where “de-organization” and “re-intermediation” coexist, reveals that the core contradiction of new employment relationships lies in: algorithmic control strengthening substantive subordination, while multi-layered outsourcing obscures the subjects of legal responsibility. This triple misalignment of “strong control-weak contract-dispersed responsibility” triggers dilemmas in determining labor relations, difficulties in de-linking social insurance claims from labor relations, and a lack of due process regarding algorithmic power. This article advocates constructing a three-tier determination framework comprising “standard labor relations-incomplete labor relations-civil service relations,” clarifying the supplementary compensation liability of platform enterprises in outsourced employment, establishing a de-linked pathway for occupational injury protection systems, and achieving a rebalancing of technological rationality and humanistic care through algorithmic transparency obligations and due process controls.