赋能与悖论：农产品电子商务促进农民增收的深层机制与系统性挑战

Empowerment and Paradox: The Deep-Seated Mechanisms and Systemic Challenges of Agricultural Product E-Commerce in Promoting Farmers’ Income Increase

摘要: 农产品电子商务被视为解决农民增收难题的有效途径，然而其实际作用远非简单的渠道替代。本文指出，电商本质上是一种具有“赋能”与“解构”双重效应的复杂机制，通过信息赋能、关系重构与技能跃迁三大路径重构小农与市场的连接方式。研究发现，这一过程内蕴着数字鸿沟扩大、价值链依附强化及政策激励异化等结构性矛盾。电商对农民收入的促进作用并非自发产生，而是依赖于能够平衡效率与公平的协同治理体系。最终，农民能否真正分享数字经济发展红利，取决于能否构建以人的现代化为核心的包容性数字生态。

Abstract: Agricultural product e-commerce is often regarded as an effective means to address the challenge of increasing farmers’ income. However, its actual role extends far beyond a simple channel replacement. This paper argues that e-commerce is essentially a complex mechanism with dual effects of “empowerment” and “deconstruction”, restructuring the connection between smallholder farmers and the market through three pathways: information empowerment, relationship reconfiguration, and skill transition. The study finds that this process is inherently marked by structural contradictions such as the widening digital divide, intensified value chain dependency, and the distortion of policy incentives. The income-boosting effect of e-commerce on farmers does not occur spontaneously but depends on a collaborative governance system that balances efficiency and fairness. Ultimately, whether farmers can truly share in the dividends of the digital economy hinges on the construction of an inclusive digital ecosystem centered on human modernization.