网络经济下电子商务合同法律问题研究

Research on the Legal Issues of E-Commerce Contracts in the Network Economy

摘要: 随着数字技术的迅猛发展，网络经济已成为驱动全球经济增长的核心引擎，而电子商务作为网络经济的核心载体，正深刻改变着传统交易模式。电子商务合同作为维系线上交易秩序的法律纽带，其产生、生效与履行全过程都与网络技术深度融合，呈现出虚拟性、即时性、跨区域性等鲜明特征。这些特征既打破了传统交易的时空限制，提升了交易效率，也催生了一系列新型法律纠纷，对传统合同法律制度构成了严峻挑战。《中华人民共和国电子商务法》(以下简称《电子商务法》)与《最高人民法院关于审理网络消费纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定(一)》(以下简称《网络消费纠纷规定》)的相继出台，为电子商务合同纠纷的解决提供了基本法律依据。但实践中，电子签名效力认定模糊、格式条款滥用、责任主体界定不清等问题仍频繁发生，制约着网络经济的健康发展。因此，系统研究网络经济下电子商务合同的法律问题，完善相关法律规制，对于保护交易主体合法权益、维护网络交易秩序、促进数字经济高质量发展具有重要的理论与实践意义。

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of digital technologies, the internet economy has become the core engine driving global economic growth. E-commerce, as the central platform of this digital economy, is profoundly transforming traditional transaction models. E-commerce contracts, serving as legal bonds that maintain online transaction order, have their entire lifecycle—from creation and effectiveness to performance—deeply integrated with network technologies, exhibiting distinct characteristics such as virtuality, immediacy, and cross-regional nature. These features not only break the spatiotemporal constraints of traditional transactions and enhance efficiency, but also give rise to new legal disputes, posing significant challenges to conventional contract law systems. The successive promulgation of the “E-Commerce Law of the People’s Republic of China” (hereinafter referred to as the “E-Commerce Law”) and the “Supreme People’s Court’s Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Online Consumer Dispute Cases (I)” (hereinafter referred to as the “Online Consumer Dispute Provisions”) has provided fundamental legal frameworks for resolving e-commerce contract disputes. However, practical issues such as ambiguous electronic signature validity, abuse of standard terms, and unclear liability determination still frequently occur, hindering the healthy development of the internet economy. Therefore, systematic research on legal issues related to e-commerce contracts in the digital economy and the improvement of relevant legal regulations hold significant theoretical and practical importance for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of transaction parties, maintaining online transaction order, and promoting high-quality development of the digital economy.