速生丰产林培育技术优化与生长规律研究

Study on Optimization of Cultivation Technology and Growth Law of Fast-Growing and High-Yield Forest

摘要: 为提升速生丰产林的资源产出效率、林分稳定性及综合经济效益，破解传统培育模式中“粗放管理、效益失衡”的问题，本研究以四川盆地及周边丘陵区典型速生树种——针叶类马尾松、柏木、杉木，阔叶类桤木、巨桉(尾巨桉)为研究对象，通过设置对照试验与系统监测，开展培育技术优化与生长规律量化分析。结果表明：优化后的集约培育技术可使马尾松材积年均生长量提升16.5%，桤木速生期持续时长延长10个月；各树种生长规律呈现显著差异，马尾松树高、胸径、材积连年生长量峰值分别出现在第9年(1.72 m)、第8年(1.82 cm)、第11年(0.0072 m³/株)，轮伐期确定为20~22年；桤木对应峰值分别出现在第5年(2.05 m)、第4年(2.20 cm)、第6年(0.0105 m³/株)，轮伐期优化为10~12年；柏木、杉木、巨桉也明确了各自生长阶段与适配培育方案。研究构建了适配四川地区多树种的速生丰产林优化培育技术体系，为区域人工用材林高效经营提供科学依据。

Abstract: To enhance resource productivity, stand stability, and overall economic benefits of fast-growing high-yield forests while addressing the “extensive management and efficiency imbalance” issues in traditional cultivation models, this study focuses on typical fast-growing tree species in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding hilly areas—conifers (Masson pine, Chinese cypress, and Chinese fir) and broadleaf trees (Alder and Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis). Through controlled experiments and systematic monitoring, we optimized cultivation techniques and quantified growth patterns. Results demonstrate that the improved intensive cultivation method increased the annual growth volume of Masson pine by 16.5% and extended the fast-growing period of Alder by ten months. Significant growth differences were observed across species: Masson pine reached peak height (1.72 m), diameter at breast height (1.82 cm), and timber volume (0.0072 m³ per tree) in the 9th, 8th, and 11th year, with a rotation period of 20~22 years; Alder showed corresponding peaks at the 5th year (2.05 m), 4th year (2.20 cm), and 6th year (0.0105 m³ per tree), with an optimized rotation period of 10~12 years. Chinese cypress, Chinese fir, and Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis also identified their respective growth stages and optimal cultivation strategies. This study establishes a multi-species optimized cultivation technology system for fast-growing high-yield forests adapted to Sichuan region, providing scientific evidence for efficient management of local timber plantations.