电商平台如何重塑中小制造企业价值链——基于数字经济背景的理论分析

How E-Commerce Platform Reshapes the Value Chain of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises—A Theoretical Analysis Based on the Background of Digital Economy

摘要: 本研究立足于数字经济背景，深入探讨电商平台如何重塑中小制造企业价值链的理论机制。通过梳理数字经济赋能特征及电商平台演进趋势，界定中小制造企业价值链的传统困境与现实挑战，构建了基于电商平台赋能的理论分析框架。研究发现，电商平台通过信息透明化、资源配置优化、市场渠道拓展等路径，显著提升中小制造企业在研发设计、生产制造、营销服务等核心环节的竞争力。差异化赋能机制体现在平台服务的个性化定制、数据驱动的决策支持及跨界资源整合能力上，资源整合能力在此过程中发挥关键调节效应。研究进一步提出多主体协同的优化策略，以促进电商平台与中小制造企业的深度融合，并对未来理论拓展方向进行展望，为数字经济时代中小制造企业的转型升级提供理论支撑与实践指导。

Abstract: This study, grounded in the digital economy context, explores the theoretical mechanisms through which e-commerce platforms reshape the value chains of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs). By analyzing the enabling characteristics of the digital economy and the evolutionary trends of e-commerce platforms, the research identifies traditional challenges and practical obstacles in SMEs’ value chains, establishing a theoretical analytical framework based on platform empowerment. Findings reveal that e-commerce platforms significantly enhance SMEs’ competitiveness in core operational areas including R&D design, production manufacturing, and marketing services through pathways such as information transparency, optimized resource allocation, and expanded market channels. The differentiated empowerment mechanism manifests in platform services featuring personalized customization, data-driven decision support, and cross-industry resource integration capabilities, with the latter playing a pivotal moderating role. The study further proposes multi-stakeholder collaborative optimization strategies to facilitate deeper integration between e-commerce platforms and SMEs, while outlining future theoretical extensions. These findings provide both theoretical underpinnings and practical guidance for SMEs’ transformation and upgrading in the digital economy era.