慈溪市儿童体重健康相关因素分析及干预策略研究——基于问卷调查数据的实证分析

Analysis of Factors Related to Children’s Weight Health and Research on Intervention Strategies in Cixi City—An Empirical Study Based on Questionnaire Survey Data

摘要: 探讨慈溪市儿童体重健康(包括偏瘦与超重/肥胖)的关键影响因素，为制定区域性干预策略提供实证依据。方法：采用分层整群抽样法，采用2025学年对慈溪市436名儿童进行问卷调查，应用多因素Logistic回归模型进行分析。多因素分析显示，家长特别关注(OR = 1.685)与高频油炸食品摄入(OR = 1.310)是儿童体重不健康的显著风险因素。年龄对严重不健康比例呈U型影响，10岁以下组为9.2%，10~12岁组降至4.8%，13~15岁组反弹至14.0%。风险因素存在累积效应，具备2个及以上风险因素的儿童不健康比例达48.8%以上。城乡差异无统计学意义。结论：发现慈溪市儿童体重健康受家庭关注模式、饮食行为及年龄阶段共同影响。建议构建以家庭–学校–社区为核心的全维度体重健康管理联动体系，实施覆盖全人群、全生命周期的精准干预。

Abstract: To explore the key influencing factors of children’s weight health (including underweight, overweight, and obesity) in Cixi City, and to provide empirical evidence for formulating regional intervention strategies. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among 436 children in Cixi City during the 2024~2025 academic year, and a multivariate Logistic regression model was applied for analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that excessive parental attention (OR = 1.685) and frequent fried food consumption (OR = 1.310) were significant risk factors for unhealthy weight in children. Age exhibited a U-shaped relationship with the proportion of severe unhealthy weight: 9.2% in the under-10 age group, decreasing to 4.8% in the 10~12 age group, and rebounding to 14.0% in the 13~15 age group. A cumulative effect of risk factors was observed, with the proportion of unhealthy weight reaching over 48.8% among children with two or more risk factors. No statistically significant urban-rural differences were found. Conclusion: Children’s weight health in Cixi City is jointly influenced by parental attention patterns, dietary behaviors, and age stages. It is recommended to establish a full-dimensional weight health management linkage system centered on families, schools, and communities, and implement precise interventions covering the entire population and full life cycle.