汉藏语人体动量词“巴掌”的历时演变及对比研究

A Diachronic Evolution and Contrastive Study of the Body-Part Verbal Classifier “Palm” in Sino-Tibetan Languages

摘要: 人体器官名词和量词都属于汉语基本词汇，人体器官名词借作动量词使用是汉语中比较常见的语言现象。通过研究相关文献资料，不管是历时层面还是共时层面，学界对人体器官名词借作动量词的相关研究不多，且对于人体器官动量词的个例研究主要都集中在“口”、“头”等几个典型人体器官量词上，对于“巴掌”、“肩”等人体器官动量词研究成果较少。因此，本文选取人体器官动量词“巴掌”为研究对象，从历时角度研究汉语中动量词“巴掌”的演变过程，包括它的产生、发展、计量对象、句法功能等。同时与汉藏语系其他语言中的动量词“巴掌”从句法等方面进行对比研究，总结出共同特征。

Abstract: Both human organ nouns and quantifiers belong to the basic vocabulary of Chinese, and the use of human organ nouns as momentum words is a common language phenomenon in Chinese. Through the study of relevant literature, whether it is diachronic or synchronic, there is not much research in the academic community on the use of human organ nouns as momentum words, and the case studies of human organ momentum words mainly focus on several typical human organ momentum words such as “mouth” and “head”. There are relatively few research results on human organ momentum words such as “palm” and “shoulder”. Therefore, this article selects the human organ momentum word “slap” as the research object, and studies the evolution process of the momentum word “slap” in Chinese from a diachronic perspective, including its generation, development, measurement object, syntactic function, etc. At the same time, a comparative study was conducted on the syntax of the momentum word “slap” in other languages of the Sino Tibetan language family, and common features were summarized.