功能对等理论视角下机器翻译在散文中的应用研究——以朱自清《匆匆》为例

A Functional Equivalence Approach to Machine Translation of Prose—A Case Study of Zhu Ziqing’s “Transient Days”

摘要: 基于功能对等理论，本文以朱自清《匆匆》为研究对象，通过文本对比分析法，系统考察了有道、DeepL机器翻译与张培基人工翻译在词汇、句法及文体层面的差异。研究发现，当前机器翻译主要实现了低层次的形式对等，能保证基础语义正确性，但在实现高层次功能对等方面存在明显不足，难以复现原文的修辞节奏、情感氛围与哲学意境。相比之下，张培基译本通过创造性重构，成功实现了从形式到功能的全面对等。结果表明，在文学散文翻译领域，机器翻译尚无法独立承担高层次审美与文化传递的任务。本文不仅验证了功能对等理论在评价机器翻译文学性方面的有效性，也为未来机器翻译算法优化及构建新型人机协作模式提供了参考。

Abstract: Grounded in Functional Equivalence Theory, this study takes Zhu Ziqing’s “Transient Days” as the research object and employs textual contrastive analysis to systematically examine the differences between Youdao and DeepL machine translations and Zhang Peiji’s human translation at lexical, syntactic, and stylistic levels. The findings reveal that current machine translation primarily achieves lower-level formal equivalence, ensuring basic semantic accuracy, but demonstrates significant deficiencies in realizing higher-level functional equivalence, particularly in reproducing the original’s rhetorical rhythm, emotional atmosphere, and philosophical conception. In contrast, Zhang Peiji’s translation successfully achieves comprehensive equivalence from form to function through creative reconstruction. The results indicate that in the domain of literary prose translation, machine translation is not yet capable of independently undertaking the task of high-level aesthetic and cultural transmission. This study not only validates the efficacy of Functional Equivalence Theory in evaluating the literary quality of machine translation but also provides insights for future optimization of machine translation algorithms and the development of new human-machine collaboration models.