通山方言词汇的代际差异研究：语言接触视角

Intergenerational Variation in the Vocabulary of Tongshan Dialect: A Language Contact Perspective

摘要: 以湖北省通山方言为研究对象，以社会语言学的语言接触视角为框架，对200名通山人进行田野调查，旨在探讨通山方言词汇在不同年龄组上的代际差异情况。通过对受试在300个核心方言词汇使用上的调查与统计，分析结果显示：通山方言词汇呈现明显的代际递减趋势，青年群体使用的方言词汇数量较老年群体明显减少；词汇的替代现象显著，绝大部分的替代词与普通话完全一致；方言词汇使用率与年龄、文化程度、城乡分布、家庭用语等因素呈显著相关。研究表明，在语言接触的影响下，通山方言词汇正发生变化，整体向普通话靠拢，这一过程体现了社会变迁对语言生态的深刻影响。

Abstract: This study takes the Tongshan dialect of Hubei Province as its research object and employs a sociolinguistic language contact perspective as its analytical framework. Through fieldwork involving 200 Tongshan speakers, it aims to investigate the intergenerational variation in the vocabulary of the Tongshan dialect across different age groups. Based on a survey and statistical analysis of the participants’ usage of 300 core dialect words, the results indicate a clear trend of intergenerational decline: younger generations use significantly fewer dialect words compared to older generations. Lexical substitution is prominent, with the vast majority of substitute words being identical to their Mandarin equivalents. The usage rate of dialect vocabulary shows significant correlations with factors such as age, education level, urban-rural distribution, and home language. The research demonstrates that, under the influence of language contact, the vocabulary of the Tongshan dialect is undergoing change and converging toward Mandarin. This process reflects the profound impact of social change on the linguistic ecology.