气凝胶复合外墙保温板制备及性能研究

Preparation and Performance Study of Aerogel Composite Insulation Exterior Wall Board

摘要: 针对近零能耗建筑节能需求与老旧小区改造痛点，本研究设计并制备了一种气凝胶复合三明治外墙保温板，通过试验室研发检测的方法，系统评估其保温性能及工程适用性。试验以SiO₂气凝胶为核心材料，采用“面层–气凝胶芯层–面层”三明治结构，通过对比传统保温材料(XPS)的热流密度与温度分布，验证了气凝胶复合板在相同厚度下减少60%热流量的显著优势。研究表明，该板材通过减薄60%保温层厚度(40 mm替代100 mm XPS)，可提升建筑使用面积3~4 m²/100m²，且适用于老旧小区外立面改造，兼具轻量化(密度350 kg/m³)、防火(A级)及耐久性特点。本研究为建筑节能与绿色改造提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

Abstract: In response to the energy-saving demands of near-zero energy buildings and the pain points of old residential area renovation, this study designed and prepared an aerogel composite sandwich exterior wall insulation board. Its thermal insulation performance and engineering applicability were systematically evaluated through laboratory research and development testing. The experiment takes SiO₂ aerogel as the core material and adopts a sandwich structure of “surface layer-aerogel core layer-surface layer”. By comparing with traditional insulation materials (XPS), it is verified that the aerogel composite board has a significant advantage in reducing heat flux by 60%. Research shows that by reducing the thickness of the insulation layer by 60% (40 mm instead of 100 mm XPS), this board can increase the usable area of buildings by 3 to 4 square meters per 100 square meters. It is also suitable for the renovation of the exterior facades of old residential areas, and features light weight (density 350 kg/m³), fire resistance (Class A) and durability. This research provides a theoretical basis and technical support for building energy conservation and green renovation.