马致远《马丹阳三度任风子》中的“真性”修炼思想以及对当代的启示

Ma Zhiyuan’s Concept of “Cultivating the True Nature” in Ma Danyang San Du Ren Fengzi and Its Insights for the Modern Era

摘要: 元代剧作家马致远在《马丹阳三度任风子》中，通过任风子由屠夫至仙道的修炼历程，系统阐释了全真道“真性”修炼的思想体系。该剧以“敬信、断缘、收心、简事、真观、泰定、得道”七步为修炼路径，强调“明心见性”与“禁欲苦行”的统一，揭示人通过涤除妄念、超脱尘缘，方能复归本真、与道合一。本文认为，这一修炼思想对当代社会具有重要的启示意义：在物质丰裕而精神困顿的现代生活中，“明心见性”引导人回归内在主体性，“节制欲望”助力抵御消费主义异化，“道法自然”则为生态文明与生命和谐提供哲学依据。该剧不仅是一部宗教修行的戏剧呈现，更是一套可资当代人践行的生命哲学。

Abstract: In Ma Danyang San Du Ren Fengzi, the Yuan dynasty playwright Ma Zhiyuan systematically elucidates the Quanzhen Taoist philosophy of “true nature” cultivation through the spiritual journey of Ren Fengzi, a butcher who attains immortality. The play outlines a seven-stage path of cultivation: reverence and faith, severing worldly ties, collecting the mind, simplifying affairs, true observation, serene stability, and attaining the Dao. It emphasizes the integration of “illuminating the mind and perceiving nature” with “ascetic practice”, positing that only by purifying illusions and transcending worldly attachments can one return to their original nature and unite with the Dao. This paper argues that such cultivation thought holds significant relevance for contemporary society: in an age of material abundance yet spiritual disorientation, “illuminating the mind and perceiving nature” guides individuals back to inner authenticity, “restraining desires” helps resist the alienation of consumerism, and “following the Dao in accordance with nature” offers a philosophical foundation for ecological civilization and harmonious living. Thus, the play is not merely a dramatic representation of religious practice but also a viable life philosophy for modern individuals.