骨质疏松与腰椎间盘退变：从基础机制到临床关联的研究进展

Osteoporosis and Lumbar Disc Degeneration: Research Advances from Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Correlations

摘要: 骨质疏松(Osteoporosis, OP)、腰椎间盘退变(Lumbar Disc Degeneration Disease, LDDD)均是常见的退行性疾病，前者可分为原发性、继发性骨质疏松，均会造成脆性骨折的发生，严重影响患者生活质量，增加死亡风险及医疗负担；后者是造成腰背痛的重要病因，甚至加剧神经受损程度，增加患者致残风险。目前，临床上骨质疏松、腰椎间盘退变常并存于同一患者，二者的发生机制相类似，然而具体的内在联系及机制尚未明确阐述。为此，本研究通过整理、分析近3年核心文献资料，从“相关概述”、“骨质疏松与腰椎间盘退变的基础机制相关性”、“骨质疏松与腰椎间盘退变的临床相关性”三个方面展开综述。结果表明，骨质疏松、腰椎间盘退变之间密切相关。全面了解二者间的基础机制及临床表现上的关联性，能为其后续防治骨质疏松患者发生椎间盘退变提供重要的参考依据。

Abstract: Both Osteoporosis (OP) and Lumbar Disc Degeneration Disease (LDDD) are prevalent degenerative conditions. OP can be classified into primary and secondary subtypes, with both variants predisposing to fragility fractures. These fractures significantly compromise patients’ quality of life, elevate mortality risk, and augment the healthcare burden. LDDD, on the other hand, serves as a key etiological factor for low back pain; it may further exacerbate nerve injury, thereby increasing the risk of disability in affected individuals. In current clinical practice, OP and LDDD frequently co-occur in the same patient. While the pathogenic mechanisms of the two conditions share certain similarities, their specific internal association and underlying regulatory mechanisms remain not fully elucidated. Consequently, this study systematically collated and analyzed core literature published over the past three years, and performed a review focusing on three dimensions: “relevant overview”, “correlation of basic mechanisms between OP and LDDD”, and “clinical correlation between OP and LDDD”. The findings demonstrated a closely intertwined correlation between OP and LDDD. A comprehensive understanding of the associations between the two conditions in terms of basic mechanisms and clinical manifestations is expected to provide a crucial theoretical basis and practical reference for the subsequent prevention and management of disc degeneration in patients with osteoporosis.