资源约束下中小企业跨境电商困境研究

Study on Cross-Border E-Commerce Dilemmas of SMEs under Resource Constraints

摘要: 数字技术普及降低了国际贸易门槛，推动跨境电商模式广泛兴起。但中国中小企业受限于资金储备薄弱、专业人才短缺、技术工具不足及渠道资源有限等“资源约束”，普遍陷入“外部风险挤压与内部能力不足”的双重困境。本文结合企业生命周期理论系统剖析初创期、成长期、成熟期中小企业面临的政策合规、经济金融、供应链等外部风险，以及品牌建设、管理能力等内部短板的动态演变特征与形成机理。同时结合动态能力理论，提出“阶段化适配”。研究表明，中小企业可以通过初创期聚焦有限资源的拼凑，成长期侧重资源整合与能力升级，成熟期着力生态构建与能力重构，三种策略将有限资源转化为可持续发展动力。

Abstract: The proliferation of digital technologies has significantly lowered the barriers to international trade, fostering the widespread rise in cross-border e-commerce models. However, constrained by limited capital reserves, a shortage of professional talent, insufficient technological tools, and restricted channel resources—collectively termed “resource constraints”—Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises commonly find themselves caught in a dual predicament of “external risk pressures and internal capability deficiencies”. This paper integrates the corporate lifecycle theory to systematically analyze the dynamic evolutionary characteristics and formation mechanisms of external risks—such as policy compliance, economic and financial issues, and supply chain challenges—as well as internal shortcomings, including brand building and management capabilities, faced by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during their startup, growth, and maturity stages. Simultaneously, drawing on the dynamic capability theory, it proposes a “stage-adaptive” framework. This framework demonstrates that SMEs can transform limited resources into sustainable development momentum by focusing on resource bricolage in the startup stage, emphasizing resource integration and capability upgrading in the growth stage, and striving for ecosystem construction and capability reconfiguration in the maturity stage.