汉语请求言语行为的礼貌策略研究

A Study on Politeness Strategies in Chinese Request Speech Acts

摘要: 请求作为日常交际中不可或缺的部分，它涉及到说话人向听话人提出某种要求或请求。但它本质上是对听话人时间、行动等的索取，是一种威胁对方面子的言语行为，为了请求的成功并维持和谐的人际关系，说话者必须采用一系列复杂的礼貌策略。礼貌策略包括间接请求、使用敬语、提供理由、道歉和请求许可等。本文以布朗和莱文森的“面子理论”和利奇的“礼貌原则”为理论基础，系统探讨了请求言语行为中常见的礼貌策略，它包括直接策略、规约性间接策略、非规约性间接策略以及非公开策略，并分析了影响策略选择的社会文化因素。研究表明，对礼貌策略的恰当运用是有效交际的核心能力之一。

Abstract: Requests, as an indispensable part of daily communication, involve the speaker making a certain demand or request to the listener. However, essentially, it is a claim on the time, actions, etc. of the person being requested, and it is a speech act that threatens the other party’s face. To ensure the success of the request and maintain harmonious interpersonal relationships, the speaker must adopt a series of complex politeness strategies. Politeness strategies include indirect requests, using honorifics, providing reasons, apologizing, and seeking permission, etc. This paper, based on Brown and Levinson’s “Face Theory” and Leech’s “Politeness Principle”, systematically explores the common politeness strategies in request speech acts, which include direct strategies, conventional indirect strategies, non-conventional indirect strategies, and non-public strategies, and analyzes the social and cultural factors influencing the choice of strategies. The research shows that the appropriate use of politeness strategies is one of the core abilities of effective communication.