酿酒葡萄园免耕割草栽培模式研究与分析

Research and Analysis on No-Till Grass-Cutting Cultivation Mode in Wine Grape Vineyards

摘要: 以河北怀来酿酒葡萄标准化管理园区为研究对象，选取具有代表性酿酒葡萄地块进行免耕割草模式试验，在行间采集距地表30~60 cm (根系附近)处土壤样品，测定土壤硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量，以及含水量和pH值的指标；取不同处理的叶片，测定硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量。比较全生长期土壤指标变化情况，果实生长期内植株长势以及病害情况，原料品质的理化指标检验分析。结果表明：试验地块土壤养分变异系数大小顺序为：有效钾 > 碱解氮 > 有效磷；CK土壤养分变异系数大小顺序为：有效钾 > 有效磷 > 碱解氮。试验地块的需氮量较高，有效磷含量需求相对较低，植株生长后期需要大量的钾肥。落叶期时，试验地块根系多，需水量大，导致土壤含水量下降趋势明显。试验地块叶片养分变异系数大小顺序为：有效磷 > 碱解氮 > 有效钾；CK叶片养分变异系数大小顺序为：有效钾 > 有效磷 > 碱解氮。试验地块叶片的需氮量高，不同时期的叶片对磷和钾的需求量存在差异。因此，试验地块与CK对土壤养分、叶片养分的吸收有共性和差异性，要合理进行旋耕和除草作业，改善土壤结构，保证植株的正常生长，从而达到提高果实产量和品质的目的。

Abstract: Taking the Huailai Wine Grape Standardized Management Park in Hebei Province as the research object, representative wine grape plots were selected for no tillage and the grass cutting experiments. Soil samples were collected between rows at a depth of 30~60 cm (near the root system) from the ground surface to determine the content of soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, as well as indicators of water content and pH value. Take leaves from different treatments and measure the contents of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Compare the long-term changes in soil indicators, plant growth and disease conditions during the fruit growth period, and analyze the physical and chemical indicators of raw material quality. The results showed that the order of the coefficient of variation of soil nutrients in the experimental plot was: available potassium > available nitrogen > available phosphorus. The order of the coefficient of variation of CK soil nutrients is: available potassium > available phosphorus > alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen. The nitrogen requirement of the experimental plot is high, and the requirement for effective phosphorus content is relatively low. In the later stage of plant growth, a large amount of potassium fertilizer is needed. During the leaf shedding period, the experimental plot had more root systems and a higher water demand, resulting in a significant decrease in soil moisture content. The order of the coefficient of variation of leaf nutrients in the experimental plot is: available phosphorus > available nitrogen > available potassium. The order of nutrient variation coefficient of CK leaves is: available potassium > available phosphorus > alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen. The nitrogen requirement of the experimental plot leaves is high, and there are differences in the demand for phosphorus and potassium among leaves at different stages. Therefore, there are similarities and differences in the absorption of soil nutrients and leaf nutrients between the experimental plot and CK. It is necessary to carry out rotary tillage and weeding operations reasonably, improve soil structure, ensure normal plant growth, and thus achieve the goal of improving fruit yield and quality.