电商企业参与社会保障的激励机制与协同治理研究

Research on the Incentive Mechanism and Collaborative Governance of E-Commerce Enterprises’ Participation in Social Security

摘要: 随着数字经济的快速发展，电商平台催生的新型灵活就业群体规模持续扩大，但其社会保障权益面临系统性缺失，已成为影响社会公平与稳定的重要问题。现有研究多从法学或社会学视角展开，缺乏从公共管理角度系统探讨电商企业参与社会保障的动力机制与实现路径。本研究基于激励相容理论与协同治理理论，构建“激励–治理”双轮驱动分析框架，提出电商企业参与社会保障的复合型激励机制与多元主体协同治理路径。激励机制方面，融合收益性激励与规制性激励，旨在激发企业内生动力并设定行为底线。协同治理方面，强调政府、平台企业、社会力量等多方主体的角色重构与协作，共同推动多层次、可持续的社会保障体系建设。最后，研究提出分类分层试点、完善法律法规、建设全国统一社保数字平台、健全多层次产品体系等政策建议，为电商企业有效参与社会保障提供理论支撑与实践路径。

Abstract: With the rapid development of the digital economy, the scale of the new flexible employment group generated by e-commerce platforms has been continuously expanding. However, their social security rights and interests are facing systematic deficiencies, which has become an important issue affecting social fairness and stability. Existing research mostly focuses on the legal or sociological perspectives, lacking systematic exploration from the perspective of public management on the driving mechanism and realization path of e-commerce enterprises’ participation in social security. This study, based on the theory of incentive compatibility and collaborative governance, constructs a “incentive-governance” dual-wheel driving analysis framework, and proposes a compound incentive mechanism and a multi-subject collaborative governance path for e-commerce enterprises’ participation in social security. In terms of the incentive mechanism, it integrates revenue-based incentives and regulatory incentives, aiming to stimulate the intrinsic motivation of enterprises and set behavioral bottom lines. In terms of collaborative governance, it emphasizes the role reconstruction and collaboration of multiple subjects such as the government, platform enterprises, and social forces, jointly promoting the construction of a multi-level and sustainable social security system. Finally, the study puts forward policy suggestions such as classified and hierarchical pilot projects, improving laws and regulations, building a unified national social security digital platform, and improving the multi-level product system, providing theoretical support and practical paths for the effective participation of e-commerce enterprises in social security.