耳穴压豆对医学生睡眠、焦虑及注意力的影响：基于漂移扩散模型的证据

The Impact of Auricular Acupressure Beads on Sleep, Anxiety, and Attention in Medical Students: Evidence Based on the Drift Diffusion Model

摘要: 目的：探讨耳穴压豆(AA)对医学生考试焦虑的干预效果，重点分析其对睡眠质量、焦虑状态及注意偏向的影响。方法：采用随机对照试验设计，将62名医学生分为实验组和对照组。通过匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、状态–特质焦虑量表(STAI)评估睡眠与焦虑，结合漂移扩散模型(DDM)量化点探测任务的注意偏向参数(起始点z值)。干预周期为2周。结果：52名完成者的数据显示睡眠改善：AA组PSQI评分显著降低(p < 0.001)，注意偏向调节：DDM起始点z值部分改变(p = 0.028)，表明注意分配模式发生变化；两组STAI评分随考试临近均下降，但组间差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。结论：耳穴压豆可有效改善考试压力下医学生的睡眠状况及注意偏向，具备非侵入性、操作简便等优势。

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Auricular Acupressure Beads (AA) on test anxiety among medical students, with a specific focus on its impact on sleep quality, state anxiety, and attentional bias. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 62 medical students, who were allocated to either an experimental (AA) group or a control group. Sleep quality and state anxiety were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), respectively. Attentional bias was quantified by applying the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) to data from a dot-probe task, with a focus on the starting point parameter (z). The intervention period was two weeks. Results: Data from 52 participants who completed the study revealed significant improvements in sleep and attentional modulation. The AA group showed a significant reduction in PSQI scores, indicating enhanced sleep quality (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the DDM starting point (z) was significantly modulated in the AA group (p = 0.028), suggesting a shift in attentional allocation patterns. While STAI scores decreased in both groups as the examination approached, the between-group difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Auricular Acupressure Beads can effectively improve sleep quality and modulate attentional bias in medical students under exam-related stress, offering a non-invasive and easily administered intervention.