数字经济视域下我国跨境电商出口物流供应链协同机制与优化路径研究

Research on the Coordination Mechanism and Optimization Path of China’s Cross-Border E-Commerce Export Logistics Supply Chain from the Perspective of Digital Economy

摘要: 随着数字技术的飞速发展，数字经济已成为驱动我国经济高质量发展的新引擎。跨境电商作为数字经济在国际贸易领域的重要表现形式，凭借其交易链条短、非接触式交付等优势，呈现出爆发式增长态势。然而，相较于商流的数字化与即时化，物流环节仍存在成本高企、时效不稳定、信息不对称等“短板”，严重制约了行业的降本增效。本文立足于数字经济视域，聚焦于跨境电商出口物流供应链的经济协同问题。区别于传统关于通关政策或国际关系的探讨，本文构建了“交易成本–系统协同”的整合分析框架，引入“熵”的概念剖析供应链系统演化的动力机制。研究发现，高昂的交易成本是导致供应链系统处于“高熵”无序状态的根源，而数字技术通过降低信息搜寻、议价及执行成本，为系统引入负熵，从而驱动供应链向有序协同方向演化。基于此，本文提出构建“数据驱动 + 资源共享”的协同机制，认为通过海外仓的前置布局与物流信息的全链路打通，是解决当前跨境电商“碎片化”订单物流难题、实现供应链整体利润最大化的关键路径。

Abstract: With the rapid development of digital technology, the digital economy has become a new engine driving the high-quality development of China’s economy. As a significant manifestation of the digital economy in the field of international trade, cross-border e-commerce has demonstrated an explosive growth trend. However, compared with the digitization and immediacy of commercial flow, the logistics sector still suffers from shortcomings such as high costs, unstable timeliness, and information asymmetry, which severely restrict further cost reduction and efficiency improvement. Based on the perspective of the digital economy, this paper focuses on the economic synergy of the cross-border e-commerce export logistics supply chain. This paper applies Synergetics and Transaction Cost Theory to deeply analyze the economic roots of coordination failure among various subjects within the supply chain. Furthermore, it explores how digital technology drives supply chain synergy by reducing information search costs, bargaining costs, and enforcement costs. The study concludes that building a “data-driven + resource sharing” synergy mechanism, through the forward layout of overseas warehouses and the full-link connection of logistics information, is the key path to solving the logistics challenges of current “fragmented” cross-border e-commerce orders and maximizing the overall profit of the supply chain.