基于人机工程学的便携智能听诊器形态优化设计研究

Research on the Morphological Optimization Design of Portable Intelligent Stethoscopes Based on Ergonomics

摘要: 手持产品的设计需在形态美学与功能合理性之间取得平衡，其抓握部分作为关键的人机交互界面，直接影响用户的舒适体验。本研究旨在探讨手持产品抓握舒适度与产品设计之间的人因约束关系，以优化产品手感，提升用户体验。首先，基于手持产品的设计原则与抓握方式展开人因分析；其次，从用户感知特征出发，结合手部舒适感知分区与上肢关节活动范围，并利用表面肌电(sEMG)技术分析前臂肌肉在抓握状态下的反应，获取抓握角度的设计依据；接着，从用户行为特征出发，以智能听诊器为研究对象，运用SAPAD模型从语构层、经验层、语意层解析抓握行为意义，并转化为设计要素；最后，基于人因约束开展设计实践，并结合虚拟仿真进行客观评估。本研究通过生理测量与统计分析量化用户抓握的生理与行为反应，结合定性分析，为手持产品抓握舒适度的人因优化设计提供新思路，对提升产品手感体验、增强产品感性价值、降低使用风险具有积极意义。

Abstract: The design of handheld products needs to achieve a balance between aesthetic form and functional rationality, with the grip area serving as a key human-machine interaction interface that directly affects user comfort. This study aims to explore the ergonomic constraints between grip comfort and product design in handheld products, in order to optimize the product’s tactile feel and enhance user experience. First, an ergonomic analysis is conducted based on the design principles and grip methods of handheld products; second, starting from user perceptual characteristics and combining hand comfort zones with upper limb joint range of motion, surface electromyography (sEMG) technology is used to analyze the forearm muscles’ response during gripping to obtain a design basis for grip angles; next, based on user behavioral characteristics and using an intelligent stethoscope as the research subject, the SAPAD model is applied to analyze the meaning of grip behavior at the syntactic, experiential, and semantic levels, translating it into design elements; finally, design practice is conducted based on ergonomic constraints and objectively evaluated through virtual simulation. This study quantifies users’ physiological and behavioral responses during gripping through physiological measurements and statistical analysis, combined with qualitative analysis, providing new ideas for ergonomic optimization of grip comfort in handheld products, which is significant for improving tactile experience, enhancing product emotional value, and reducing usage risks.