基于GIS与Fragstats的保山市隆阳区景观格局特征分析

Analysis of Landscape Pattern Characteristics and Evolution of a Mountainous City Based on GIS and Fragstats: A Case Study of Longyang District, Baoshan City

摘要: 为揭示山地城市区域人地关系相互作用的空间特征，本文选取云南省保山市隆阳区为研究对象，基于2015年与2020年两期土地利用数据，综合运用GIS空间分析、土地利用转移矩阵及景观格局指数等方法，对研究期内土地利用变化及景观格局演变特征进行定量分析。结果表明：(1) 研究期内土地利用结构变化显著，呈现出耕地面积减少、建设用地持续扩张的典型特征；(2) 景观格局演变表现出明显差异性：耕地景观在面积缩减的背景下连通性增强，呈现集聚化趋势；建设用地规模扩张的同时空间集聚性显著提高；水域景观生态连通性明显下降，破碎化程度加剧；林地和草地景观整体保持较高稳定性；(3) 隆阳区景观格局演变是城镇化进程、农业结构调整等社会经济因素与山区复杂地形条件共同作用的结果。基于研究结论，提出实施地形适配的差别化空间管控、修复水系生态连通功能及构建区域生态安全格局等优化策略，以期为隆阳区国土空间可持续利用与生态安全维护提供科学参考。

Abstract: This paper investigates the spatial characteristics of human-land interactions in mountainous urban areas, focusing on Longyang District, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province. Utilizing land use data from 2015 and 2020, the study employs various methods, including GIS spatial analysis, land use transfer matrices, and landscape pattern indices. A quantitative analysis was performed to assess land use changes and the evolution of landscape patterns during the study period. The findings indicate that: (1) The land use structure underwent significant changes, characterized by a reduction in cultivated land area and a continuous expansion of construction land; (2) The evolution of landscape patterns exhibited notable differences: Despite a decrease in area, the connectivity of cultivated land landscapes increased, demonstrating a trend toward agglomeration. While the scale of construction land expanded, its spatial agglomeration improved significantly. Conversely, the ecological connectivity of water landscapes declined markedly, leading to increased fragmentation. Overall, the stability of forest and grassland landscapes remained relatively high. (3) The evolution of the landscape pattern in Longyang District results from the interplay of social and economic factors, including urbanization and agricultural structural adjustments, alongside the complex terrain characteristic of mountainous regions. Based on the research findings, this study proposes optimization strategies such as implementing differentiated spatial control tailored to terrain conditions, restoring the ecological connectivity of water systems, and establishing a regional ecological security framework. These strategies aim to provide scientific guidance for the sustainable use of territorial space and the maintenance of ecological security in Longyang District.