相控阵雷达在重庆江北机场强对流天气的应用讨论

Discussion on the Application of Phased Array Radar in Severe Convective Weather Monitoring at Chongqing Jiangbei Airport

摘要: 本文围绕重庆市相控阵雷达在江北机场强对流天气监测的初步应用展开讨论，分析其产品形式和实际监测效果。重庆市采用3台广东纳睿X波段双极化相控阵雷达网，覆盖机场及周边1~5区，单雷达30秒完成一次扫描，组网成图需1分钟，融合区县单站雷达数据后形成覆盖全重庆的融合产品，雷达图更新频率提升至3分钟，但存在距离越远衰减越大和DBZ强度与实况可能有差异的局限。基于该雷达数据搭建的《强对流天气监测预警系统》，可提供反射率、双偏振、风场等多类产品及三维可视化功能。通过对比2024年5月25日夜间、6月20日上午两次雷雨过程的新旧雷达产品发现，相控阵融合产品在近雷达区域反射率因子与旧S波段雷达拼图接近，远距区域对弱回波捕捉能力不足；其配套的《精细化气象短临预报系统》每6分钟更新未来3小时外推结果，但稳定性较差，并非起报时间越临近预报越准确，需结合其他外推结果综合判断。研究成果可为江北机场强对流天气监测预报提供技术参考。

Abstract: This paper examines the initial use of Chongqing’s phased array radar for monitoring severe convective weather at Jiangbei Airport, analyzing its products and performance. Chongqing uses a network of three X-band dual-polarization phased array radars (Guangdong Nari) covering the airport and surrounding Areas 1~5. A single radar scans in 30 seconds; the network generates combined maps in 1 minute. Fused with district/county single-station data, it creates full-Chongqing products with 3-minute updates. Limitations: greater attenuation at longer distances and possible DBZ discrepancies from actual weather. The Severe Convective Weather Monitoring and Early Warning System (based on this radar) provides reflectivity, dual-polarization, wind field products, and 3D visualization. Comparing old and new radar data from two 2024 thunderstorms (May 25 night, June 20 morning), the phased array fusion product’s reflectivity is close to legacy S-band mosaic near the radar but lacks weak echo capture at long distances. Its supporting Refined Meteorological Short-Term Nowcasting System updates 3-hour forecasts every 6 minutes but is unstable. Closer initiation times do not guarantee better accuracy; other extrapolations should be used for judgment. Results offer technical reference for Jiangbei Airport’s severe convective weather monitoring and forecasting.