《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中马克思幸福观研究

A Study on Marx’s View of Happiness in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

摘要: 幸福是人们对美好生活的崇高向往，是对现实生活的美好追求。马克思幸福观在马克思主义理论体系中占据重要地位，坚持以唯物史观为方法论基础，对资本主义社会中的异化劳动等不幸的根源进行剖析，揭示幸福的本质及其与现实的人和社会的关系，关系到人的现实生活和生产。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)作为马克思早期思想转型期的重要著作，蕴含着丰富的幸福观思想，为我们理解马克思思想的整体性与人道主义关怀提供了独特视角。马克思通过分析异化劳动、社会矛盾等，批判资本主义制度下人的生存困境，揭示了幸福与人、自然及社会的关系。本文以《手稿》为文本依据，从幸福观的理论根基、核心内涵、实现路径三个维度展开研究，探讨马克思幸福观的理论价值与当代启示，为新时代人们追求幸福生活、构建和谐社会提供思想资源与实践指引。

Abstract: Happiness represents humanity’s noble aspiration for a fulfilling life and a pursuit of quality living. Marx’s Happiness View occupies an important position in the Marxist theoretical system. Adopting historical materialism as the methodological foundation. It systematically analyzes the root causes of social ills like alienated labor in capitalist societies, revealing the essence of happiness and its interplay with human existence and societal structures. The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (hereafter “Manuscripts”), a pivotal work from Marx’s early intellectual transformation, contains profound insights into happiness that offer unique perspectives for understanding the coherence of Marxist thought and its humanitarian concerns. Through examining alienated labor and social contradictions, Marx critiques the existential challenges under capitalism while elucidating the relationships between happiness and humanity, nature, and society. This study examines the Manuscripts from three dimensions: theoretical foundations, core concepts, and implementation pathways. It explores the theoretical significance and contemporary relevance of Marx’s happiness theory, providing intellectual resources and practical guidance for modern society’s pursuit of well-being and harmonious development.