朱熹与王阳明“格物”理解之辩

The Debate on the Interpretation of “Gewu” between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming

摘要: 本研究深入探讨朱熹与王阳明在“格物”诠释上的争论，系统比较二者的哲学基础、格物定义、实践方法、知行关系理解、社会政治影响及学界评价。朱熹主张格物穷理，强调对外在事物的探究以把握天理，其思想成为官学，影响深远；王阳明则倡导格物致知，注重内心良知的体认与践行，心学在民间广泛传播，启迪后人。论文通过文献分析与比较研究，揭示二者在格物诠释上的核心差异与思想贡献，并探讨其当代价值，旨在为理解宋明理学发展及现代意义提供新的视角。

Abstract: This study delves into the debate between Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming on the interpretation of “gewu” (investigation of things), systematically comparing their philosophical foundations, definitions of “gewu,” practical methods, understandings of the relationship between knowledge and action, socio-political impacts, and evaluations within the academic community. Zhu Xi advocated “gewu qiongli” (investigating things to exhaust principles), emphasizing the exploration of external phenomena to comprehend the principles of heaven, and his thought later became the official orthodoxy, exerting profound and lasting influence. Wang Yangming, in contrast, promoted “gewu zhizhi” (investigating things to extend knowledge), focusing on the recognition and practice of the innate moral conscience within the mind. His School of Mind gained widespread dissemination among the populace and inspired later generations. Through textual analysis and comparative research, this paper reveals the core differences and intellectual contributions of the two thinkers in their interpretations of “gewu,” explores their contemporary relevance, and aims to offer a fresh perspective on the development and modern significance of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties.