汉语自然会话中话轮起始位置“其实”的“非支持性”观点投射会话分析研究

A Conversation Analytic Study on Projecting “Disaffiliation” of Turn-Prefacing “Qí Shí” in Mandarin Daily Conversation

摘要: 本研究采用会话分析方法，以真实汉语对话为语料，探讨话轮起始“其实”投射“非支持性”观点的互动功能。分析发现，“其实”常出现在回应序列位置，投射后续话轮与先前话轮的立场不一致：回应“询问”时，构建反预设性回复或解释非支持性观点；回应“指令性行为”时，投射阻抗性观点；构建或回应“评论行为”时，呈现不一致情感立场；在修正行为中，则呈现对被修正话轮的非支持性观点。总体来看，话轮起始的“其实”在汉语会话中承担多样互动功能，深化了对话语标记语作用的理解，并为会话分析提供新的视角与方法，丰富了汉语互动语言学研究。

Abstract: This study employs conversation analysis on authentic Chinese conversations to examine turn-initial “qí shí” in projecting disaffiliation. Findings show that it often appears in response positions, signaling a stance inconsistent with the prior turn: in replies to inquiries, it constructs counter-presuppositional responses or explains disaffiliation; in directives, it projects resistance; in evaluations, it signals divergent emotional stances; and in repair actions, it presents disaffiliation toward the repaired turn. Overall, “qí shí” demonstrates diverse interactional functions, deepening understanding of Mandarin discourse markers and offering new perspectives for conversation analysis.