煤区农村公路沥青路面时空损坏特征及指标关联性分析

Spatiotemporal Damage Characteristics and Indicator Correlation Analysis of Asphalt Pavements on Rural Roads in Coal Mining Areas

摘要: 为深入揭示煤区重载交通环境下农村公路沥青路面的特殊损坏规律与时空演化机制，本研究以山东省煤区4条典型公路为工程依托，基于2022年至2024年连续三年的多功能路况快速检测数据，对路面状况指数(PCI)与车辙深度指数(RDI)的衰变特征进行了系统分析。研究综合运用Spearman秩相关系数与时空统计方法，定量探究了路面病害间的伴生关系，重点剖析了PCI与RDI在多维尺度上的耦合机理。研究结果表明：1) 路面性能呈非均匀加速衰减特征。煤区道路PCI与RDI均值呈同步下降趋势，但重载路段表现出显著的“优级路段消退”与“中次级路段积压”现象，路况衰变具有明显的荷载敏感性。2) 揭示了“荷载主导型”病害的聚类规律。车辙、龟裂、坑槽三者之间存在极强的正相关性，构成了由重载驱动的伴生病害簇；而横向裂缝表现出相对独立的环境相关特征。3) 证实了“车辙主导、结构先行”的破坏模式。PCI与RDI在时间序列与空间分布上均表现出极强的正相关性，且重载路段的RDI值相对于PCI值存在显著的“负向偏移”，表明车辙是制约路网服务水平的短板指标与先行破坏形式。本研究厘清了煤区道路PCI与RDI协同衰变的内在机制，为构建基于时空特征工程的多指标协同预测模型提供了坚实的理论依据，对指导煤区农村公路养护策略由“被动修复”向“主动防控”转变、实现养护资源精准配置具有重要工程价值。

Abstract: To deeply reveal the specific damage patterns and spatiotemporal evolution mechanisms of rural asphalt pavements under heavily loaded traffic in coal areas, this study is based on four typical roads in the coal region of Shandong Province. Using multi-functional rapid pavement condition detection data collected continuously from 2022 to 2024, the decay characteristics of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and Rut Depth Index (RDI) were systematically analyzed. The study comprehensively applied Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and spatiotemporal statistical methods to explore the co-occurrence relationships among pavement quantitatively distresses, with a focus on analyzing the coupling mechanism between PCI and RDI at multidimensional scales. The results indicate that: 1) pavement performance exhibits non-uniform accelerated decay. Both the mean PCI and RDI of coal region roads show a synchronous downward trend, but heavily loaded sections show significant phenomena of “premium sections declining” and “secondary sections accumulating damage”, indicating obvious load sensitivity in pavement deterioration. 2) The clustering pattern of “load-dominated” distress is revealed. Rutting, cracking, and potholes are highly positively correlated, forming a distress cluster driven by heavy loads; meanwhile, transverse cracks show a relatively independent environment-related characteristic. 3) The “rut-dominated, structure-leading” failure pattern is confirmed. PCI and RDI show a strong positive correlation both temporally and spatially, and the RDI values in heavily loaded sections show a significant “negative offset” relative to PCI values, indicating that rutting is a critical limiting factor and the leading form of pavement deterioration. This study clarifies the intrinsic mechanism of coordinated PCI and RDI decay for coal region roads, providing a solid theoretical basis for constructing multi-index collaborative prediction models based on spatiotemporal features. It has important engineering value in guiding the transition of rural road maintenance strategies in coal areas from “passive repair” to “active prevention”, achieving precise allocation of maintenance resources.