支链氨基酸在心血管疾病中的研究进展

Research Progress of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Cardiovascular Diseases

摘要: 支链氨基酸(Branched-chain amino acid, BCAA)作为必需氨基酸，不仅是蛋白质合成的基本单元，还作为重要的信号分子参与机体多种生理和病理过程。近年来，越来越多的证据表明，BCAA代谢紊乱与心血管疾病的发生发展密切相关。BCAA代谢通路中关键酶的缺陷可导致其在体内异常累积，通过激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR)信号通路、影响能量代谢、加剧氧化应激等多种机制，促进高血压病、冠心病、心力衰竭、心律失常等疾病的进展。本文就BCAA及其代谢产物在多种心血管疾病中的作用及分子机制研究进展进行综述。

Abstract: Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) is essential amino acids that serve not only as fundamental building blocks for protein synthesis but also as important signaling molecules involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation of BCAA metabolism is closely associated with the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Deficiencies or dysfunctions of key enzymes in the BCAA metabolic pathway can lead to abnormal accumulation of BCAA and their metabolites, thereby promoting cardiovascular pathology through multiple mechanisms, including activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, disruption of energy metabolism, and exacerbation of oxidative stress. These metabolic disturbances have been implicated in the progression of hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular disorders. This review summarizes the current advances in understanding the roles of BCAA and their metabolic products in cardiovascular diseases, with a particular focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms.