高等师范院校学业预警现状、需求与优化策略——基于A大学预警数据与问卷调查的实证分析

Current Situation, Needs, and Optimization Strategies for Academic Early Warning in Higher Normal Universities—An Empirical Analysis Based on Early Warning Data and Questionnaire Survey at University A

摘要: 对教育部某直属师范大学的学业预警运行现状进行了个案分析。结果表明：就学业预警现状来看，该校预警学生占比总体上控制在一定水平内；大三开学初学生累计学业发展问题较为突出；理工类与艺体类学院及其相关专业预警学生数量显著偏高；单门课程内公共课不及格频次显著高于专业课。就学业预警需求来看，学生存在变更预警时机与调整预警频次的需求；优化成绩指标与构建多元预警指标的需求；落实多方位学业帮扶的需求。为此，本研究提出以下优化策略：下放预警权限，提升预警精度；优化预警机制，加强数据支撑；前置干预阶段，聚焦学业帮扶。

Abstract: This study analyzes academic early warning data and survey results regarding students’ academic early warning needs at University A. The findings indicate that: 1) The proportion of students under early warning has been maintained within a reasonable range overall; 2) Cumulative academic development issues are particularly prominent among third-year students at the semester’s start; 3) Colleges and majors in science, engineering, arts, and physical education show significantly higher numbers of early warning students; 4) The failure rate in general courses per subject is notably higher than that in specialized courses. Regarding academic early warning needs, students require flexible adjustment of warning timing and frequency, optimization of performance metrics, and diversified warning indicators, along with comprehensive academic support. To address these needs, this study proposes three optimization strategies: 1) Delegating early warning authority to enhance precision; 2) Optimizing the early warning system with robust data support; 3) Implementing proactive intervention phases focused on academic assistance.