家庭功能对青少年网络游戏障碍的影响及心理机制研究

A Study on the Influence and Psychological Mechanism of Family Functioning on Adolescent Internet Gaming Disorder

摘要: 近年来，随着互联网技术与智能设备的广泛普及，网络游戏在青少年群体中的使用日益频繁，其过度使用所引发的网络游戏障碍已成为备受关注的公共卫生问题。家庭作为青少年成长与发展的首要环境，其功能状态对个体心理行为发展具有深远影响。本文对家庭功能与青少年网络游戏障碍之间的关联及其内在心理机制进行了系统性梳理与整合。综述表明，家庭功能不良显著增加青少年网络游戏障碍的风险，而良好的家庭功能则具有保护作用。研究进一步结合家庭系统理论、社会支持理论及依恋理论，阐释了二者关系的内在逻辑，并揭示其作用路径主要包括：通过影响青少年对家庭环境的感知、改变其大脑奖励回路的神经活动模式，以及阻碍基本心理需求(自主、能力、关系)的满足，从而增加网络游戏障碍的易感性。最后，本文提出未来研究应加强纵向设计与多层次机制探讨，以深化对家庭功能与网络游戏障碍之间动态关系的理解，并为家庭干预与临床实践提供更具针对性的科学依据。

Abstract: In recent years, the widespread adoption of internet technology and smart devices has led to a significant increase in online gaming among adolescents, with excessive use raising public health concerns related to internet gaming disorder (IGD). As the primary context for adolescent development, family functioning plays a critical role in shaping psychological and behavioral outcomes. This article systematically reviews the association between family functioning and IGD in adolescents, along with underlying psychological mechanisms. Evidence indicates that poor family functioning heightens the risk of IGD, whereas healthy family functioning serves as a protective factor. The relationship is further explained through theoretical frameworks including family systems theory, social support theory, and attachment theory. Key pathways through which family functioning influences IGD involve adolescents’ perceptions of the family environment, alterations in reward-related neural circuitry, and deficits in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs and multilevel investigations to clarify the dynamic relationship between family functioning and IGD, thereby informing more effective family‑based interventions and clinical practices.