恶意网络爬虫行为的刑法规制研究

Criminal Law Regulation of Malicious Web Crawling

摘要: 网络爬虫作为互联网行业广泛应用的技术，极大地便利了人们信息收集和检索，同时也成为了违法犯罪的便捷工具。对具有主观恶意的网络爬虫行为进行有效的刑法规制迫在眉睫。基于我国司法实践中对网络爬虫行为入罪标准不一、罪名适用模糊的现状，应从构成要件入手，从形式和实质两方面界定恶意网络爬虫的入罪标准。形式上应限定爬取行为的非开放性及侵入手段的非授权性，实质界定的标准应是爬取行为的法益侵害性。在明确入罪标准后将恶意网络爬虫行为予以类型化定性分析，从而实现更加罪名适用的精准性和特定法益保护的有效性。

Abstract: As a widely used technology in the internet industry, web crawlers have greatly facilitated people's information collection and retrieval, while also becoming a convenient tool for illegal and criminal activities. It is imperative to effectively regulate web crawling behavior with subjective malice through criminal law. Based on the current situation in China’s judicial practice—where the standards for criminalizing web crawling behavior are inconsistent and the application of charges remains ambiguous—it is necessary to start from the constituent elements and define the criteria for criminalizing malicious web crawling from both formal and substantive aspects. Formally, the scope should be limited to the non-open nature of the crawling behavior and the unauthorized nature of intrusion means; substantively, the criterion should be the infringement of legal interests caused by the crawling behavior. After clarifying the criteria for criminalization, a typological qualitative analysis of malicious web crawling behavior should be conducted, so as to achieve more precise application of charges and enhance the effectiveness of protecting specific legal interests.