热解法强化污泥水解提取有机物的效能与机理

Enhancement and Mechanism of Pyrolysis for Strengthening Sludge Hydrolysis and Organic Matter Extraction

摘要: 随着城市化进程加速，污水处理生成的剩余污泥量不断增多，对于污泥的高效处理和资源化利用成为环境领域重要课题。传统污泥厌氧消化工艺有水解速度慢、有机物提取效率低这类问题，限制后续能源回收和物质利用潜力。为突破这一瓶颈，本研究着重热解法预处理给污泥水解过程带来的强化效果，探究不同热解条件(温度、时间)下污泥里有机物溶出效能的变化规律，且深入剖析它内里作用机制。实验结果表明，合适热解预处理可有效破坏污泥细胞结构与胞外聚合物，明显提升污泥里蛋白质、多糖等有机物溶出率，优化条件下，溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)释放率比未处理污泥提高超150%，机理分析揭示，热解过程借助热裂解跟水解的协同作用，让大分子有机物分解成小分子易降解的东西，同时改良了污泥脱水性能跟后续厌氧消化特性。研究为污泥预处理技术提供新思路和理论依据，对推动污泥减量化、稳定化和资源化有实际应用用处，还为相关工艺参数的优化跟工程化应用奠定了科学基础。

Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization, the yield of excess sludge from wastewater treatment is continuously increasing, making the efficient treatment and resource utilization of sludge a critical issue in the environmental field. Traditional anaerobic digestion of sludge suffers from slow hydrolysis rate and low organic matter extraction efficiency, which limits the potential of subsequent energy recovery and material utilization. To break through this bottleneck, this study focuses on the enhancement effect of pyrolysis pretreatment on sludge hydrolysis, investigates the variation law of organic matter dissolution efficiency in sludge under different pyrolysis conditions (temperature and time), and deeply analyzes its internal mechanism. The experimental results show that appropriate pyrolysis pretreatment can effectively destroy sludge cell structure and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), significantly improving the dissolution rate of organic matters such as proteins and polysaccharides in sludge. Under optimal conditions, the release rate of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) is increased by more than 150% compared with untreated sludge. Mechanism analysis reveals that the pyrolysis process relies on the synergistic effect of thermal cracking and hydrolysis to decompose macromolecular organic matter into small-molecule and easily degradable substances, while simultaneously improving sludge dewaterability and subsequent anaerobic digestion performance. This study provides new ideas and theoretical basis for sludge pretreatment technologies, has practical application value for promoting sludge reduction, stabilization and resource utilization, and lays a scientific foundation for the optimization of relevant process parameters and engineering application.