基于地基微波辐射计资料的一次雷雨过程分析

Analysis of a Thunderstorm Process Based on Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Data

摘要: 利用HTG-4型地基微波辐射计资料对2020年8月14日成都双流机场一次雷雨天气进行了分析，此次雷雨根据降水强度、性质，可以分为弱雷雨和强雷雨两个阶段，结果发现：强雷雨阶段和弱雷雨阶段开始前，湿度场主要呈现出“中层湿、上下干”的分布情况，且随着降水的临近，综合水汽含量会出现激增，温度场会呈现出“中间暖、上下冷”的暖心结构；再者，雷雨开始前1 h，空中液态水含量会出现剧烈波动，但是强雷雨阶段与弱雷雨阶段相比，液态水含量波动更缓和，但最大值中心发展高度更高；K指数和Cape指数峰值与降水强度峰值在弱雷雨阶段有较好的对应关系，可以很好的作为监测强对流天气出现、维持的标准。

Abstract: Using data from the HTG-4 ground-based microwave radiometer, an analysis was conducted on a thunderstorm event at Chengdu Shuangliu Airport on August 14, 2020. Based on precipitation intensity and characteristics, the thunderstorm could be divided into two stages: weak and strong. The results revealed that before the onset of both stages, the humidity field primarily exhibited a distribution pattern of “moist middle layer and dry upper and lower layers.” As precipitation approached, the integrated water vapor content surged, while the temperature field formed a “warm middle, cold upper and lower” structure. Additionally, one hour prior to the thunderstorm initiation, the airborne liquid water content showed significant fluctuations. However, compared to the weak thunderstorm stage, the liquid water content fluctuations were smoother during the strong thunderstorm stage, but the maximum value center developed to a higher altitude. The K index and CAPE index peaks corresponded well with the precipitation intensity peaks during the weak thunderstorm stage, making them effective criteria for monitoring the occurrence and persistence of severe convective weather.