聚焦独生子女残疾人养老困境：父母离世后的支持体系真空与重构路径

Focusing on the Elderly Care Predicament of Disabled Only-Children: The Support Vacuum and Reconstruction Pathways Post-Parental Loss

摘要: 随着中国第一代独生子女的父母普遍进入高龄甚至离世阶段，一个特殊而脆弱的群体——独生子女残疾人，正面临着前所未有的生存与养老危机。他们因无兄弟姐妹，在失去父母这一核心支柱后，面临经济支持断裂、照护责任真空及精神慰藉缺失的系统性崩塌。本研究基于政策现状与社会现实，深度剖析该群体在父母离世后面临的困境，揭示现有保障体系的缺口，提出构建集公职监护、特殊需要信托与主动发现机制于一体的“公职监护 + 社会支持”多层次保障体系的具体建议，以期推动制度性解决方案，确保他们能够有尊严、有保障地度过晚年。

Abstract: As the parents of China’s first generation of only-children enter advanced age or pass away, a distinct and vulnerable demographic—disabled only-children—faces an unprecedented crisis in survival and elderly care. Lacking siblings, their economic, caregiving, and spiritual support systems risk instant collapse upon the loss of their parents, who often serve as their sole pillars of support. Based on an analysis of current policies and social realities, this study deeply examines the multidimensional predicaments this group encounters following parental loss. It reveals significant gaps in the existing social security system and proposes specific pathways for constructing a multi-level support framework integrating “public guardianship + social support.” The ultimate aim is to promote institutional solutions that ensure this population can age with dignity and security.